| Freedom and a matter of time issue has been strongly favoured by philosophers since ancient times. The philosophers before Marx dealed with the time issue on the basis of cosmic origins theory or natural philosophy, while Marx inspected this topic under the capitalist society circumstances all the time. Though Marxs time theory is mainly represented in his economic works, it goes beyond economics scope remotely and shows its unique philosophical vision. Based on social existence theory, Marx associates his time concept with such issues as value, freedom and social revolution.Marx devoted his whole life to the liberation and freedom of human beings. He had become a historical materialist through the revolutionary practice and theoretical stuggle,the criticism of all the wrong theory and improvement his own theory constantly.With the shift in Marx’s world outlook,his concern for freedom had gradually shifted from the philosophy freedom to the secular freedom and his view of freedom had changed the idealism view of freedom into the materialism view of freedom, changed revolutionary demo cratism view of freedom into communism view of freedom.Among all the changes above,the concept of "free time" becomes clearly and the significance of it to the development of human gradually revealed.Marx pointed out clearly that free time is the time that man would not have to chain down to the necessary and external purposes,it includes"the personal time to education, the development time of intelligence, the time to fulfill their social function, the time for social activities, the time of free use of physical and intelligence...".Human beings can get rid of external,single, one-sided subsistence constraint and play their own interests and hobbies freely and improve their capabilities fully in the sufficient free time. Marx realized the close connection between the time and the human activities,his view of time is the view of’social time",beyond the traditional view of’natural time".Human beings advance and develop themselves in the river of time, in the historical process, in the relentless struggle with the natural, in the internal repression of human society and the struggle against it.Marx affirmed the measurement function of time to the value of the commodity in the certain stage of capitalism and proposed the concept of "commodity value",he divded warker’s labour time into necessary labour time and surplus labour time,revealed the secret of surplus value.He connected the surplus labour time which create the surplus value and the free time where human can develop themselves freely,and bring forth the basic clue of connection between the Development of the capacity and the assignment of time:necessary labour time--surplus labour time--free time.In other words, the rich connation of Marx’s practical materialism is presented just by means of its specific time concept. The innovativeness and change meaning of Marx’s time theory is that he endows the formal time which past philosophers discussed in the natural level with real contents, that is, starts from realistic individual, it analyzes and solves social problems through practice activities. It exposes the capitalist exploitation and probes how to realize the free and all-round development of human beings. At the same time, this article raises such concepts as Perceptual Time and Capital Space and tries to give a clear explanation.This paper is divided into five parts, the introduction part, mainly tells the research purpose and significance and research status at home and abroad. The first chapter, mainly elaborated the Marx’s freedom thought. The second chapter elaborated the Marx’s theory of the time. The third chapter discusses the Marx’s freedom concept of time. The fourth chapter discusses contemporary value and significance of Marx’s freedom concept of time... |
