Interpetration Of Kuprin’s Yama In The Perspective Of Bakhtin Carnivalization

Kuprin（1870-1938）was a famous realistic writer in Russia. The cruelbrothel life and villainous prostitution system were described in Yama, arepresentative novel written by Kuprin. Whorish miserable life and destinywere revealed veritably in this novel. Meanwhile, it expressed thedenunciation of decayed social system. Kuprin made people realize thecapitalistic sin and seek salvation way to wipe out the sin source.Bakhtin（1895-1975）was a famous writer of literary theory, critic, andlinguistic philosopher in Russia. The carnival theory was one of his mostfamous theories. Carnivalization was derived from the carnival, an Europeantraditional festival. It was full of freedom and equality in the carnival. Peoplein the carnival who had equal status and shared everything between each othercontacted mutually and freely. It became a kind of carnival universal feeling.Bakhtin believed the carnivalization could reflect the different forms ofceremonial events and the universal feeling which had carnivalized characterin literature words.The novel Yama attempted to be interpreted in the perspective of Bakhtincarnivalization. This novel in many aspects was accord with the carnival spiritderived from Bakhtin. The first aspect was the description of carnival squareand ceremonial event. The second aspect was the carnival ceremony includingcoronation and abdication. The last aspect was the carnival character whichconsisted of clown, fraud and madman. Meanwhile, the variety of spirits ofthe civil humorous culture was showed in this novel.This paper was composed of five sections including the introduction, thethree chapters of main body and conclusion. The carnival theory of Bakhtinwas mainly introduced in the first chapter. And the core three terms includingthe carnival, the carnivalization and the carnival ceremony were presented and explained. It was introduced in the second chapter that the carnivalizationwas inflected in the novel Yama. the three chapter described the clown, fraudand madman character in the carnivalization.