A Study About The Social Security In Song Dynasty

The Song Dynasty is a period of social change in the history of China’s feudal,and the social security had also shown the coexistence of inherited and innovationalcharacteristics. The Song Dynasty is one of dynasties with the most complex socialcontradictions, that is, the surrounding turbulence, domestic disasters, while the policyof not resulting in annexation of the land resulted in serious landless household peopleand further increased the gap between the rich and the poor. In order to solve theseproblems and maintain the social stability, the government established the socialsecurity system.This paper discusses the Song Dynasty social security system, including storagepreparedness，the poor safeguards, the official safeguards, and the folk strength socialrescue four aspects. Through the research on the security mechanism established,staffing, development and evolution aspects, understanding the role of social securityand the characteristics and problems of the current social security system, theconstruction of meaning.The Social security was developed during the Song Dynasty, it was the result ofeconomic development and social progress, also a way for government-controlledsociety to maintain domination needs, also concerning with Neo-Confucianism idea.The Song Dynasty preparedness safeguards were mainly set up warehousing,inherited the previous generation of the common positions and volunteer positions,and had originally created the village granary and the Huimin warehouse, bearchildren the warehouse.The third part of the poor security system, including relief poverty and old inpeople who were alone, such as Futianyuan, Juyangyuan, Yangjiyuan; adoption thepatients, providing medication agencies such as Bingfang, Anlefang, Anjifang;medical relief agencies such as Taiphuimingju, Shiyju, Hejiju; the babies and infantsaid agencies such as Yingerju, Ciyouju; funeral parlor Louzeyuan, Yizhong. One byone describes the creation of each pension institutions, management systems and post-development.The fourth part of the official safeguard, the Song Dynasty to the elderlyofficials’ special treatment, when the officials retired to material wealth and spiritualrewards, and the officials had died also to compensation, and the officials enjoy social security was best.The fifth part about folk charity relief act, in addition to the official relief, folksocial relief is also emerge in endlessly, function also is increasing day by day. Interms of the folk assistance subject, scholars, businessmen, monks, and women. Theyused their own strength, such as creating Yizhuang, medicine, charity clothing andrice, hosting refugees who need, in a variety of ways to help poor people life.The sixth part is the brief summary. The Song Dynasty social security had theuniversality, the multiplicity, the systematization, and the polytrophic characteristics.It also had stabilized the social order, saved large quantities of people’s life, alleviatedthe contradiction, and was advantageous in the economical development function. Butthere were also many problems, such as social security level overall low, fraud andcounterfeit in the process, various relief agencies were established and abolished veryfrequently and social security out-off-balance, each individual’s security was notequal.