The Study On The Changes Of Social Assistance Of The Two Song Dynasties

Song Dynasty was bulit after the disorderly state of late Tang Dynasty and five Dynasties,Therefore,the ruling class are very concerned about the ordinary people’s social life, then pay attention to aiding the underprivileged poor group. which was the milestone of the ancient Chinese social assistance history. Meanwhile, Under the times background social changes of two Song Dynasties,social assistance also experienced a historical change.social assisting system has been perfected gradually, the level of social assistance also has been In-depth development.In Northern Song Dynasty, the comprehensive social assistance organizations like Futian institutes, Nourishing institutes and Anji hospitals was in booming development, which played an important role in social assistance, however, on assistance objects,these organizations exist the deficiencies that abandoned children, to a certain extent, which led to appeared special assistance agencies only in young children, the elderly to rescue in Southern Song Dynasty.In the early South Song Dynasy, Influenced by building up the republic dorsal the sea, regime is not stable. Together with, Southern Song Dynasty and Jin State, Mongolian State(Yuan Dynasty)war continuously, the central government experienced financial strain, Meanwhile, the strength of gentry force was gradually rised, In the case of government aid is difficult to continue, the folk force plays a more and more important role in the social assistance pattern. The emergence and popularity of the local barns in Southern Song Dynasty, which make the social assistance covers the rural areas that occupy the majority of the population for the first time. It is a large number of Guizhengren that appeared in the special period,which became an unavoidable problem in the social assistance in Southern Song Dynasty.The necessary assistance to them also added new content in the social assistance in Southern Song Dynasty. These are expand the scope of the social assistance in the Southern Song Dynasty.The scholar-bureaucrat of the two Song Dynasty has extremely strong suffering consciousness,along with the influence of “helping people”, they pay more attention to the social assistance,which possed lots of social assistance thoughts, especially Dongwei in Southern Song Dynasty,he summarized the social assistance measures and ideas before Southern Song Dynasty and put forward some measures and methods which was very useful in that time.It is a mark that social assistance thoughts gradually systematized in the ancient chinese and it has a great significance in aftertimes.There are four differenence which through comparing the social assistance of two Song Dynasty: First of all,Southern Song Dynasty has a further innovation and development than the Northern Song Dynasty, The social assistance in the city towards to specialization,and the function of the assistance agency was confluenced gradually.Then a social security system was gradually established; Secondly, Social assistance subject have taken great changes in two Song Dynasty, social assistance was in the direction that from mainly by the government to increasingly rely on folk force. Third, Southern Song Dynasty court and local government pay more and more attention to the assistance of the rural poor, they actively explore the rural social assistance system which different from city assistance; Fourthly,as a social thought which reflects in social assistance change during the two Song Dynasty, The thought of social assistance of the two Song Dynasty from the unsystematized in Northern Song Dynasty towards the direction of the systematic in Southern Song Dynasty.