"Xian" Aesthetics Thoughts Of Bai Juyi’s Poetry

"Xian" is a common word for Chinese ancients, meanwhile it’s a wise manner to run their lives. From Confucius, Chinese ancients were very concerned about the meaning of "xian" and lived a "xian" life consciously, Bai Juyi as one of them, his life was full of "xian". And his poems contains lots of aesthetics thoughts of "xian". This essay takes Bai Juyi’s poems as its study object and adopts "the adequate reading" to explore the aesthetics thoughts of "xian".The first chapter discusses the origination and formation of aesthetics thoughts of "xian", this contains three parts:historical and cultural background of mid-Tang, his life experiences and his poems writing experiences. Firstly, social anomie of mid-Tang brings spiritual belief crisis of scholars and this crisis leads to lack of sense of belonging and chaotic life. Later, when they rebuild the spiritual beliefs, it comes to two different trends:Han Yu’s assuming and Bai Juyi’s escaping. Bai Juyi’s escaping manifest as Bai’s "xian". Secondly, Bai’s life experiences include six sections:take refuge in Jiangnan, early official career, be remonstrating officials in the court, Jiangzhou’s exiling career, Suhang prefectural governor and lived in seclusion in Luoyang. In all stage of life, Bai thought of his future paths all along. Especially in Jiangzhou, four years’s exiling career make him obtain psychological adjustment and balance, he increasingly looked to "xian" life.Thirdly, the development of Bai Juyi’s allegorical poems, sentimental poems and leisure poems also unfoldes the aesthetics thoughts of "xian". Though his life experiences and poems, time and space bidirectional attention, we can show aesthetics thoughts of "xian" clearly.The second chapter analyzes specific content of "xian" from two aspects. The first section discusses theological system of "xian" from eight series. Firstly,"xianren" is the most important of series; then "xianshen","xianxin","xiangan","xianju","xianwu","xianshi", "xainyou", derive from "xianren":everything partakes "xian". The second section analyzes aesthetic state of "xian" from different poems. Through the above analysis, we can understand the richness of "xian".The third chapter summarizes the basic points of "xian". Firstly,"to be a xianren" discusses xianren is better than mangren through comparing; secondly," beauty belongs to xianren" study the beauty of the world wait for xianren; thirdly,"xianke has deep feelings" discuss his deep feeling to songzhu, jiucha, shuiyue, shiqin, youren; forth,"xianren know best" discusses only xianren know significance of xian, pursue"xian" state of mind; finally "huzhongtiandi":Chinese gardens state of Zen and Tao.The chapter four discusses the important theoretical and practical significance of Bai Juyi’s "xian". It suggests that his aesthetics thoughts of "xian" from his life experience, and his relevant thinking of "xian" is many benefits for us. The first section consider "xian" is a attitude of improving upon reality, more importantly it’s also an attitude of scholars in the middle Tang Dynasty. The second section discusses "xian" is a aesthetic attitude. The third section argues the important significance of Bai Juyi’s xian for Chinese aesthetic theory,In terms of four chapters:the origination and formation of aesthetics thoughts, specific content, basic points and important theoretical and practical significance of "xian", the essay is hope to deeper and more systematic cognition and comprehension to Bai’s "xian". In a word,"xian" is a problem that Bai Juyi has thinking about all his life, his related aesthetics thoughts not only influence his peers, but also benefits scholar group, it even can be helpful to us.