| During the Song Dynasty, the Country always faced with threat of Nomads’ military oppression,so, military construction became the key point of National Construction. Military water as an important partof the construction had make more significant progress than previous generation.In the Song Dynasty period, barracks that located in inland city built their own water facilities,while relying on overall urban water supply system. Digging wells was always the solution when thesebarracks lack of water. To guarantee water supply, border fortresses frequently took some methods, whichinclude digging wells, building over-water village, diversion of water into town and purchasing water, etc.When these walled city under siege, they always sank wells for water, made breakout for water or drankrain water. Generally, water sources of bivouac were river water, carrying water and well water. It was thepublication of General Military Principles that finally established the theoretical system of securingdrinking water of March.In the Song Dynasty period, the water using of military warehouse field focused on fire safety.there would placed the water storage vessels interiorly, and excavated ditches and built tanks peripherally.Peng Jing was essential drinking water facility on the military pasture，it’s number depended on the scale ofpasture. In the Southern Song Dynasty, in order to protect the scientificalness of military horses’ drinkingwater, imperial government issued an order that making specialized training on the pastoral staff. It was thecoming out of Compilation of Prescription to Thriving Herd that made water technology of military grazinghorses had further improved.In Song dynasty, the water using of city defense in wartime was intended to ensuring drinkingand coping with fire. Garrisons in the city would always used water bladders, urns,vat and other utensils tostore water, the purpose of that is to ensure soldiers drinking, filter the air and defense Fire Attack.Generally, the water depth of artificial moat of Song was not more than thirty feet, its width changedaccording to city scales. Width and dredge frequency of artificial moat of Southern Song were greater thanEarlier Song Dynasty. Rivers and lakes were the main water sources of the mort, groundwater, tide andrainwater were its auxiliary water sources. Some cities made natural water source a little transformation asdefense water outside the city directly. People of Song Dynasty had considered the effects of temperature, precipitation and other weather factors on the water using of fortification.In Hebei region of earlier Song Dynasty, water sources of project was rivers and springs mostly,while coastal areas always used the tides from downstream. The depth of pond is about ten feet, and itswater stability could be ensured by control dyke and sluice gate. In Southern Song Dynasty, artificialwater-defence strategies could be reflected everywhere in water using of national defence projects, somestrategies like that planting trees and scuttling ships to prevent flood of Huaihe, closuring river by ironchains to prevent the Yangtse, making artificial water storage to resist the enemy, putting great effort intobuilding large number of water castles, moreover, people had summarized a set a set of “Measures toprohibit the military through the river”.In Song Dynasty, water attack modes on the battlefield mostly contained that citing water to floodcity, breaching dyke to flood encampment, attempting to put poison into the water and storing the upperwater what was in order to drown the enemy when they cross the river to half. Throughout the history ofSong Dynasty, the using frequency of water-attacking was less than other means of warfare, that’s becausethat army of the Song Dynasty was always in defensive position and the condition of actualizingwater-attacking was harsh, in addition, there was also because the water-attacking would cause great harmto the people, consequently, water-attacking get resisted by people of Song. |
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