Study On Mournful Ci In Song Dynasty

In Song Dynasty, mournful Ci appears and develops prosperously, which is related toliterati’s inner-emotion-oriented change, Ci’s lyricism and atmosphere of state-destruction. SuShi, who is a famous literatus in North Song Dynasty, firstly take mourning theme to Song-Ciand widen expressive range and lyrical methods of Ci. From then on, mournful Ci in SongDynasty gradually grow up and a group of literati begin to create mourning Ci, such as HeZhu, Zhu Dunru, Liu Kezhuang, etc. Those literati have created a series of mournful Ci andhave a far-reaching effect on later mournful literature. The definition of mourning is to mournall the dead people. There are51mournful Ci and25relative writers in the Whole Song-Ci.The previous scholars focus on some an aspect of mournful Ci in Song Dynasty and do notsystematically comb all mournful Ci in Song Dynasty. There five types of the mournful Ci inSong Dynasty: Ci of lamenting for wives, Ci of lamenting for one’s husbend, Ci of lamentingfor singing girls, Ci of lamenting for teachers and friends, Ci of lamenting for other people.The involving writing techniques consist of comparing an object to a person, dreaming of thepast life, expressing one’s emotion through natural scenery and contrasting the present withthe past. In the mournful Ci in Song Dynasty, writers usually choose some images in theirworks, such as the image of plants, the image of animals, the image of natural scenery and theimage of objects. In more detail, there are flowers, trees and grass in the image of plants; thereare water, clouds, moon, smog and dust in the image of natural scenery; there are objects indaily life and musical instruments in the image of objects. Liu Kezhuang is a writer who isskilled in literary allusions, which reflects in his four Ci of lamenting for his wife. He linksthose literary allusions and his mournful emotion, which makes his works more touching. Thestyle of Shi Dazu’s Ci is elegant and heartsore. Moreover, he selects lots of beautiful imagesin his mournful Ci and creates a lonely and sorrowful atmosphere in those works.