Foundation Of Morality

In the era of Schopenhauer, while people were indulged in the conquest of nature, he believed in pessimistic; while people were celebrating the wealth of unlimited expansion in a rational triumph, he promoted the dark will; in a utilitarian as the core of the law of the jungle the rise of capitalism era, he advocates sympathy as the foundation of morality. He is a genuine anti trend thinker, philosopher, his thinking has influenced a great number of philosopher, even today, his thought still has profound practical significance.What is the basis of morality, the problem almost spans the whole human thinking history. From rationalism to skepticism, from positivism to existentialism, from feminism to religion, even in the field of sociology and psychology, different answers have been given to the problem. There is an attempt to prove the moral basis for no, someone is trying to point out that moral is contrary to human nature, there are answers to the moral basis of the original human into the original totem taboo, the most famous of these ideas is clearly Kant’s rational ethics and to Hume, Schopenhauer as representative of sympathy ethics.This paper tries from Schopenhauer’s original works, by combing the philosophy as the foundation, explaining his ethics is the basis of a moral problem -- the key to the In the preface part, mainly introduces the research status of domestic scholars of Schopenhauer’s philosophy and the existing problems and shortcomings, and introduces the research background of this paper and the key problems to solve The introduction part is about Schopenhauer’s life and works and some basic introduction, and "moral basis" the writing backgroundThe first chapter is the introduction of Schopenhauer’s thinking of sympathy ethical background, including the background, the philosophical origins of India philosophy and his metaphysical philosophy system is introduced The disadvantages of seventeenth Century European capitalism began to emerge, the war brought great disaster to people’s lives, the enlightenment that the idyllic life did not come to earth, people can not help but ask the reason really can bring happiness to people? It is in this background, Schopenhauer began to think of his non rational foundation of the moral On the other hand, the influence of Schopenhauer’s philosophy by Platon, Christian and India Brahmanism it, as its philosophy laid the tone of pessimism, for the denial of life will, the abstinence theory foreshadowed. The second chapter mainly revolves around the Schopenhauer critique of Kant’s moral philosophy expansion Schopenhauer believes that Kant’s philosophy is based on the assumption made mistakes, he will be built on the basis of moral purely rational abstract concept, the essence of moral order is the moral theology school version. The third chapter is the core part, mainly is the basic framework to explain his ethical system based on Schopenhauer’s original works, find his argument for moral basis Schopenhauer believed that the source of motivation of human behavior can be attributed egoism-evil sympathy, egoism is the real motive behind the vast majority of our behavior, which is a controlled will survive instinct desire, that desire is selfish but there is no limit, it will only bring pain to the human, only the banning of life will, negative life will, abandon self-interest, it is possible to make action to obtain true moral values, and this is also the sympathetic. Compassion is the only moral foundation, as compassion derived justice and benevolence is the most basic, all moral behavior is a deduction in a name. The fourth part is the summary and reflection on the ethical thought of Schopenhauer’s sympathy, including the possibility of sympathy as the moral foundation and the only justice and benevolence as the reflection of the legitimacy of the motonori.Bernard Williams said "ethical thinking aims to help us build a world of our own, in this world, we will have a social, cultural and individual life." Based on the construction of thought and moral, it is such a problem, it is about our individual life, more human relations overall, because each of us is the world’s authorities, and this world is one based on our existence.