The Confluence Of Stele And Tie Calligraphy

In the late Qing Dynasty, the florescent book market, flourished culture, rich academic fashion and the Qing government’s strange policies, all these various factors jointly promoted the prosperity situation of textual research, and the textual research achievements was remarkable.Some archaeologists distracted from the written materials of bronze tripods and stone tablets to Beiban calligraphy, trying to find their different flavors.At the time of late Qing Dynasty, setting off a fashion of theory and practice creation related with Beiban calligraphy in the calligraphy fields.However, in the calligraphy theory systems and practice creation fields, subjective and objective, real knowledge and fallacy, dialectical and unilateral,extreme and fair coexisted. The relationships in the calligraphy fields was delicate and complex.In this paper, the author investigated and demonstrated the complex and subtle calligraphy theory and practice creation in the late Qing Dynasty and contemporary times. Based on the theories about prospered Beixue, declined Tiexue,Beixue replaced Tiexue, the author investigated whether these theories were consistent with the actual situations in the calligraphy fields of the late Qing Dynasty and contemporary times, comprehensively analyzed three delegates’(Ruan, Bao, Kang, who proposed Beixue) calligraphy viewpoints and their attitudes toward classical Tiexue, discriminated whether these viewpoints stood for individual subjective realization or calligraphy groups in the specific region. The paper mainly investigated,analyzed and summarized Beixue calligraphy groups, Tiexue calligraphy groups and calligraphers who fused Beixue and Tiexue as well as their achievements on calligraphy theories and practice creation.Based on the above questions and key issues to be resolved, focusing on the central proposition confluence of Bei and Tie-the practice creation mainstream in the late Qing Dynasty and contemporary times, this paper is divided into six chapters.The introduction mainly explained research reason,current research situations and research significance. The chapter one generally expounded the conception of Bei and Tie and sequence of ideas of calligraphy history.The chapter two mainly elaborated theories viewpoints of Beixue and Tiexue,demonstrated the real situations of declined Tiexue,Beixue replaced Tiexue according to their structures, further certified Tiexue was not declined,and Tiexue’s traditional charm and vitality were still strong, the relation between Bei and Tie was not important and secondary,one replaced the other or one thrived and the other perished,actually their relations was existed,developed and thrived mutually and merged ultimately, and the confluence was the mainstream.The third chapter mainly discussed the opportunity of confluence of Bei and Tie,which lied in communications,similar calligraphy styles and malpractices produced by calligraphers who learned from the tradition narrowly, so the confluence was necessary and possible. Chapter four and five mainly investigated from calligraphy theories and practice creation, focusing on the confluence,found out typical calligraphers and scholars’scientific, comprehensive and dialectical calligraphy theories, creative activities and achievements. The last chapter mainly stressed confluence’s actual significance, which lied in offering learning methods for calligraphy learners. It requested that calligraphy learners must have inclusive spirits, abilities of widely assimilated, absorbed essences from classic and traditional Bei and Tie as well as having a flexible alternative arts during the course of calligraphy studying.