Spatial Distribution Optimization Of Rural Residential Land In Hilly Areas

Spatial distribution optimization of rural residential land, which was an important approach of making urban-rural harmonious development, building new socialist countryside, as well as promotin g "Beautiful Country" and new urbanization, would improve the living and ecological environment, optimize allocation of rural resource, relieve contradiction between man and land, and promote ru ral social-economy sustainable development. For a long time, spatial distribution of rural residential land had been in a state of spontaneous selection by rural residents due to lacking of systematic p lanning. The spatial distribution of rural residential land had present the characteristics of "small", "dispersed", and "chaotic", especially for the hilly areas and mountain area where physical geograp hy was comparably poorer. With the development of national economy and urbanization after the refor m and open, the phenomenon of settlement disordered expansion, hollowing village, inefficient Ian d use and land abandoned had been turned up. Inefficient use and messy distribution of rural resi dential land had not only occupied a large amount of high quality arable land, which had hindered development of rural country and agricultural, but increases costs of fundamental facility construct ion and environment improvement, which had become the obstacle of developing rural economy and s ociety. Therefore, making a research on spatial distribution optimization of rural residential land w ould break difficult situation of current rural land use, promote co-ordinate development between u rban and rural, and realize rural modernization.According to the requirement of rural residential land distribution optimization influenced by new urbanization and new socialist countryside construction, this paper had chosen Haitang town in Changshou district as research area guided by the basic thought of "urban-rural integration" based on orientation of five functional areas in Chongqing, where was an important area demonstrated "balancing urban and rural" and "four modernizations synchronization". Following the study thought of "theory study-current analysis-comprehensive evaluation-empirical test", the paper took rural residential land plaque as study unit to deeply analyze the characterizes of rural residential land spatial distribution in Haitang town, and reveal current rule of rural residential land spatial distribution, employing the method of literature review, data collection, investigation. Based on theoretical explanation of comprehensive influence of rural residential land, the paper constructed evaluation index system of comprehensive influence on rural residential land patch, and evaluated comprehensive influence of rural residential land patch. And then made a classification of rural residential land patch in Haitang town, and developed strategies of rural residential land distribution optimization specific to different types. Weighted-Voronoi Diagram based on extended breake-point model was used to make space segment of rural residential land patch influence, and guided migratory direction of every rural residential land patch. Besides, provided new thought of rural residential land distribution optimization in theory and made a reference for the area where had comparatively complicated landform to make rural residential land planning in practice.The conclusions of this paper would be summed up in the following aspects:(1) Present situation of rural residential land spatial distribution in Haitang town has several features, such as high density, high fragmentation, inhomogeneous space distribution and layout in the area where natural and social economic condition is better. The general scale of rural residential land of Haitang town is not big, and rural residential land patch is distributed in middle east area where landform is smooth, and the distribution density is high, average distance between patches is only 56.39m, and the scale of single rural residential land patch is very small, just 0.61 hm2 for average. A lot of high-density patches are distributed in the flat area, which has caused lots of high quality arable land resources occupied, and integrity of farmland patch is destroyed, which does harm to scale -production in agriculture. Besides, this study has found out most of rural residential land patches are distributed in areas where is in low altitude, small slope, slope to the south, near to town, backbone roads and headwaters, which has shown that those above factors have an important influence on rural residential land distribution.(2) Comprehensive influence could reflect actual strength of rural residence. Comprehensive influence theory was the support of plaque evaluation and optimized distribution of rural residential land patch. The base of comprehensive influence theory was originated from space interaction theory. As a classic theory, space interaction theory proposed that any area in space could not be exist and develop independently because of regional and scarcity of resources. In this process, some small regions developed rapidly and became a new region center due to frequent exchange of population, money and information Therefore, advantage degree of area development could be evaluated by interaction. Rural residence also had natural and social condition to form space interaction. This paper used comprehensive influence theory to analyze the interaction principle of rural residence, and evaluated development potential and superiority of rural residence and proof compatibility of comprehensive influence and comprehensive strength of rural residence. Hence, comprehensive influence theory was the key theory.(3) Evaluation results of rural residence comprehensive influence in Haitang town reflected that natural condition of each village and social economic development level were different. According to evaluation results of comprehensive influence of rural residence, patch of the whole town could be divided into "village-level influence", "group-level influence" and "scattered settlement" due to comprehensive influence. The proportion of each level was separately 43.51%,49.03% and 7.46%. The natural and regional conditions of Jiansheng village, Haitang village and Gulin village were good, infrastructures were complete, social and economic activities were brisk, so those villages’ comprehensive influence was high. "village-level influence" was the main rural residence,60.84% of total area. While the spatial distribution of rural residential land in Longfeng village and Qingquan village was scattered because of hills, low level of agricultural land, without irrigation condition, and far from main roads, so "scattered settlement" were more. Those two village would become key renovate area for future optimizing distribution rural residence of Haitang town.(4) Through spatial distribution optimization, spatial distribution situation of rural residence of Haitang town was improved, the spatial distribution became more rational and resource utilization became high-performance. Through drawing up optimization strategy based on different geomorphic types, using Weighted-Voronoi Diagram based on extended break-point model to divide effect on sphere, the paper had optimized spatial framework of rural residence of Haitang town. After optimization, the distances of the town between main road, center of the town, headwaters and independent mining had shortened 22.11%, 10.21%,40.08% and 11.17%. Conditions in rural residence’s location had been highly improved. Total area and total density of rural residence of the town had reduced 16.16% and 39.35% respectively. Average area of single spot had improved by 37.70%. Distribution density of rural residence had sharply dropped, and average size had magnified, especially spot scattered around hills had gathered. It not only strengthened the intensive use of rural residence, but also reduced the waste cost on infrastructure projects by government.