| Rural settlement is the place of production and life of rural residents,and the carrier of spatial distribution of population in rural areas.China is a large agricultural country,and the large agricultural population makes the research on rural settlements very important.This paper studies the spatial distribution characteristics and suitability of rural settlements,and puts forward relevant optimization suggestions according to local conditions,which is of great practical significance to enrich the development of rural settlements in rural areas.The study area is located in the northwest of Sichuan Province,the southeast edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the southeast of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture,and the middle section of the upper reaches of Min River.As a region with special geographical environment and backward economic development,it is of great practical significance to study the spatial distribution characteristics and suitability of its rural settlements for the realization of Rural Revitalization and the planning and construction of beautiful new villages in Sichuan Province.In this study,the core density and the nearest distance index of arcgis10.2 spatial analysis are used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in Mao county.It is found that the overall scale of rural settlements in Mao county is small,and the spatial distribution difference is significant.The rural settlements in the eastern region are in the state of aggregation and distribution,the central region is evenly distributed,and the western region is relatively sparse.The number and area of settlement patches are significantly skewed normal distribution with the increase of altitude and slope in space,with obvious directional characteristics of roads and rivers.Based on the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in Mao County,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Mao county from three aspects of nature,resources and humanity,and finds that the natural and resource factors are the decisive factors for the formation of the spatial distribution of rural settlements.The spatial distribution of rural settlements is limited to a great extent by altitude,slope,direction of slope,geological disaster,water resources,cultivated land resources and tourism resources,which makes rural settlements tend to the regional aggregation of low altitude,rich cultivated land resources and avoiding geological disasters.Road,Township Center,economic development level and government decision-making are the main human factors that affect the spatial distribution of rural settlements.The rural settlements in Mao county have the characteristics of obvious regional distribution that tends to the main road,Township Center,good economic conditions and strong government management.Finally,based on the analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlements in the study area,the suitability evaluation system of rural settlements is established by selecting indicators from the three levels of natural,resource and human factors,the weights of each indicator are determined by entropy method,and the comprehensive suitability index of rural settlements in Mao county is calculated by multi factor comprehensive superposition analysis method.It is found that the suitability of rural settlements in Mao county is between 1.61-4.57,and the level of settlement suitability is high.The area of the most suitable,highly suitable,moderately suitable,low suitable and unsuitable rural settlements are 850.55hm~2,336.73hm~2,202.64hm~2,145.07hm~2 and 94.42hm~2,respectively,accounting for 52.20%,20.67%,12.44%,8.90%and 5.79%of the total settlement area.The most suitable and highly suitable areas are mainly distributed in the areas with low altitude,high urbanization level and convenient transportation in the East and middle of the study area;the moderately suitable,low suitable and unsuitable areas are mainly distributed in the areas with high altitude,lack of cultivated land resources,traffic jam and small urban influence in the middle and west of the study area.On the basis of the analysis of settlement suitability grade,the corresponding optimization suggestions are put forward for the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Mao county. |
