“Lian” Category Adverbs Research In Modern Chinese

This dissertation aims at the research about adverbs with the phoneme of“lian”. Based on different word classes and meanings of contemporary Mandarin, we use the theory of Structuralism to analyze all these lian adverbs, trying to find out their functions and features and comparing the differences between synonyms. Moreover, we try to figure out w hat makes these distinguishing features in a diachronic view. This paper is based on both of Contemporary and ancient Mandarin, which contains six chapters in the following.Chapter one introduces w hy we choose this topic, what to research and how to carry it out.Chapter two researches “lian” class adverbs in semantics, syntax and pragmatics in common as a whole. All adverbs of “lian” have the common adverb “lian” in the form and semantically with “continuous” righteousness. On the syntactic function, they modify the verbs in the sentences as adverbs. And they can co-occurrence with modal adverbs. About categories of sentence, they can be applied in the declarative sentence. Generally they do not appear in exclamatory sentences. Finally, we accord to certain criteria to classify these words.The third chapter discusses the “yi lian”, “lian zhe” and “jie lian” in syntax, semantics and pragmatics differences. On the semantic similarities, they all bear the meaning of “continuous” righteousness and subjective attitude of number. Semantic personality, there are different semantic focuses, degrees of subjectivity, semantic points and so on. On syntactic functions, they have verb predicate sentence predicate part, tense and particles, and whether the co-occurrence of differences adjective. In the aspect of Pragmatics, there exist some differences in interrogative and imperative sentences selection and the effect of differences in expression. Stylistic differences also appear in spoken and written language.The fourth chapter focuses on the differences between “lian” and“lian lian”. Semantically, they have a “continuous” common sense. The time feature of “lian” and “lian lian” expresses the repetition of an action, subjectivity and objectivity, frequency and the semantic directions are also different. Syntactically, they have many differences, for example the predicate verb predicates sentence structures, syllable verb co-occurrence limitation and the selection of ten and auxiliary verb. The differences also exist in the choice of affirmation and negation.The fifth chapter investigates the diachronic evolution of the “lian” adverbs; we attempt to explain w hy they appear differently. Firstly, we define the definition of grammaticalization. Then, we respectively investigate the grammaticalization of the each word. Each word along with the process and degree is different. On the basis of detailed investigation; we analyze the cause of grammaticalization from the aspects of motivation and explore grammaticalization from the aspects of mechanism. It is due to the difference of their initial compositions and subsequent functions.Chapter six belongs to the conclusion part. We mainly summarize our viewpoints of different chapters; give an all-round description and summary of all adverbs “lian”; show a general overview of the central eleme nt of the w hole. Last we point out the deficiencies in the article and reflection place.