Primary Exploration On Fieldwork Method Of Chinese National Folk Dance

Chinese ethnic and folk dance, just as its name implies, originates from Chinese ethnic and folk regions, takes root in field, produced in people’s daily life and laboring process, which is crystallization of wisdom, creation and beauty appreciation for generations. Ethnic and folk dance is inherited by people, however, it is impossible to be controlled in library, rehearse room for research on this kind of physical movement rule and cultural connotation, only investigate in field personally can we get most vivid information and experience authentic emotion and cultural connotation, therefore, fieldwork is an important way to get first-hand and actual dancing information among the people, which is even an instructional method more significant for us to perfect and focus on continuously in practice.Since establishment, ethnic and folk dance subject forms a trinity development path with physical training as basic point, field- course -stage as sequence of thought, we are required to "go down", "come up" continuously to get creation materials, subject matters and inspiration among the people as well as research first-hand information for construction of folk dance teaching material and academic research based on its own development requirements, therefore, fieldwork is lifeline and basis for research on folk dancing culture, even a basic skill in training dance workers.Fieldwork of Chinese ethnic and folk dance originates from 1940s, which is initiated by dancers of older generation and literary and art workers in liberated areas, such as Dai Ailian, Jia Zuoguang, Liang Lun and Zhao Dexian etc. With development of dancing culture, many dance fans followed predecessor and entered field, learning teaching skills from master teachers and collecting information. However, because activities in theory practice lack of theoretical guidance and training, most of them are still at primary stage of imitation, aimless at dance culture background, living environment and custom characteristics, which is adverse to basic work of folk dance.This paper is to break limitation of its own specialization and build up overall thinking and systematic guiding to fieldwork working method for Chinese folk dances combing with research programme and method related to fieldwork in Anthropology, state and clarify at such seven aspects as research object of fieldwork for folk dance, perspective, assumption, path, method, target and target, aiming at providing theoretical basis and support for practical fieldwork and guiding fieldwork workers to conduct excavation, collection, clarification and creation effectively, protecting and inheriting folk dancing culture lost better as well as providing more scientific coordinate approach for fieldwork collection of folk dance subject.This paper is divided into four parts; the first part mainly describes background and application of fieldwork in Anthropology and introduction to history and development of fieldwork, at last, describes four shifts in constructing ethnic and folk dances and fieldwork. Chapter II mainly describes preparation for fieldwork of ethnic and folk dances as well as specific implemented details, such as:all-round research perspectives, process with comprehensive analysis and assumption, identity positioning of investigator, preparation for materials and equipment and local communication method etc. Chapter III mainly describes three major methods used in fieldwork, including:participant observation, interview learning method and mimetic method, sums up materials list collected about folk dances and key points of reports compiling and combining related to dances.At last, it describes the importance of fieldwork in discipline construction of folk dance and people involved in folk dance and states that no matter how to create folk dance forms can not break away from its nature and follow coordinate and principle. Today, with increasingly cultural exchange and fusion, it is important to keep uniqueness of folk dance, explore and learn various folk dances properly, maintain its development road as well as protect and inherit original dance culture.