Anhui Rural Cooperative Movement In Repubic Of China (1930-1949)

Anhui rural cooperative movement originated in the Nationalist government period, the idea of the campaign which began due to cooperation with the political philosophy of the Chinese Nationalist Party at that time, when the Nationalist government which seize the national regime, immediately put the cooperative movement as a one of the important policy, Anhui rural cooperative movement began in this but the early cooperative movement in Anhui, on government, it was not big, system is not perfect, just some pilot program cooperative business. Really the organization which introduce a massive cooperative to Anhui village is China International Famine Relief Commission. This is a kind of cooperatives as relief measures.And the push of government is founded in Anhui rural cooperative committee, the origin of the rural cooperation committee is clear bandit headquarters of Henan province、 Hubei province and Anhui province rural financial relief agency, not only save refugee, but also contributed to establish of the Anhui rural cooperation committee. Rural cooperation committee established a series of rules and regulations which can be called after the cooperative guidance system, before the war of Second Sino-Japanese War in just three years, the number of cooperatives achieved more than four thousands, members of cooperative is more than 200000, capital is more than 600000, business includes credit, supply, use and distribution, although credit cooperative is majority, but the others also had considerable development,and to get a degree of policy tilt. Fron single business to gradually increase. In terms of cooperative finance, caused by a lack of own funds, rely mainly on the outside world bank loans, and loans provide although the farmers’ demand at this time is not enough, it is in Anhui province, the rural cooperative movement outside money supply plenty of time. This period rural cooperative main purpose is to improve the farmers’ lives, develop rural economy.After the outbreak of Second Sino-Japanese War, Anhui rural cooperative encountered blow, therefore Anhui provincial government had to adjust the policy of cooperation, Anhui rural cooperation gradually restored. Began in 1940, Anhui rural cooperative started into the orbit of new form of government of county, become the basic institutions as the national economy and in close coordination with the local self-government. During the period of Second Sino-Japanese War, Anhui rural cooperation around the improvement of people’s life, subject to national interests, has made a contribution to the victory of Second Sino-Japanese War. At the same time, Anhui cooperative business structure has changed. But due to the lack of external financial, the lack of cooperative guide power, lack of cooperative knowledge for farmers, More due to the environment of the war, Anhui rural cooperation also has a lot of defects, such as some cooperatives which are merely nominal, some cooperatives manipulated by a few people. But it’s not intentionally caused by the authorities.After Second Sino-Japanese War, the Anhui province rural cooperative readjustment, but the civil war interrupted the normal development of rural cooperative. The Anhui rural cooperative enters a period of decline, the year of 1949 the rule of Nationalist government in the mainland of China finished, the rural cooperative movement in Anhui province came to an end.Throughout the whole Anhui rural cooperative, rural cooperative as an implementation of the national government to achieve San-min Doctrine country, so the government for rural cooperation support, guidance and control is a matter of course, in the process of implement, the government has not completely give up the cooperation organization independent of effort, but for various reasons to control the development of cooperative organization, the political environment at the same time is very bad. Much energy is dispersed into the other matters, the rural cooperative movement can’t achieve the result of policy which the authorities wanted to reach.