| The pursuit of health and longevity is humanity’s common wish, through the in-depth analysis about the regular of spatial-temporal changes of longevity level of area in the middle reaches of Yangtze river to find out factors that effect on longevity level,and we can regard the influential factors as the reference of the decision-making about health policy of the population of the area.On the basis of the census data in 1990s,2000s and 2010s,respectively, the article came to the conclusion as follows by researching about the spatial-temporal changes of longevity level and the influential factors of area in the middle reach of Yangtze river between 1990s and 2010s through spatial analysis methods.From 1990s to 2010s, the quantity of centenarian of Area in the middle reach of Yangtze river increases constantly, also, the same with the centenarian ratio, the aging population level and life expectancy have improved, the condition of human health becoming better, above, what happens to average in the middle reach of Yangtze river are closing to The national average that are the aging population index, life expectancy and the Comprehensive longevity. However, there is a widening gap between the centenarian ratio of Area in the middle reach of Yangtze River and the national average.There is also a significant differentiation of the longevity of Area in the middle reach of Yangtze River. The details are as follows; In terms of Provincial scale, the quantity of centenarian of Hunan province whose centenarian ratio, the aging population index and life expectancy are commonly a little high that is large, and those elements grows rapidly, however, the life expectancy of Hubei province is higher than the life expectancy of Hunan province and Jiangxi province. In the municipal scale, ①the quantity and ratio of centenarian has been relatively high in Chen Zhou, Yong Zhou, Huaihua, Xiangxi, these 5 cities were typical in the longevity of the population.②The level of the elderly of ten cities that are Yichang, Changsha, Shaoyang, Zhangjiajie, Yiyang, Chenzhou, Loudi, Nanchang, Ganzhou and Yichun were higher than other areas in the same period, at the same time, the level of the elderly of Yiyang, Loudi and Pingxiang were higher than the national level.③Life expectancy of Wuhan, Huangshi, Jingmen, Qianjiang, Changsha, Yueyang, Changde, Yiyang, Chenzhou and Xinyu have always been higher than the national average, and these 10 cities are the high-value sector in life expectancy.At the county scale,①The gathering of centenarians is obvious, north of the Hanjiang River is a steady agglomeration for them, distribution in the northwest of Hubei Province and the area to the east of The Ganjiang River is sparse, The population gravity center has always located in the west of geometric center;②There is a high centenarians ratio in hilly and mountainous areas;The ratio of centenarians in the plain is relatively low, Western mountains in Hunan, Nanling Mountains are the hot spots main distribution area in centenarians ratio, Jianghan Plain, Ganjiang River and the east of Poyang Lake is the cold spots distribution area in centenarians distribution.③ There are 5 counties (Mayang, Jinshi, Dongkou, Zhongxiang, Guangshui) whose ratios of centenarian reached the selection criterion of longevity village due to 2010.④ The level of the elderly of western Hunan mountainous district, Luoxiao Mountain and Nanling mountainous district are relatively high, these areas are the stable hot spots in advanced age, however, ratio of advanced age in northeastern Hubei, Jianghan Plain and Fujian mountainous area are relatively low, these areas are the stable cold spot in advanced age.⑤ Life expectancy in the region is growing rapidly during these 10 years, life expectancy in municipal district is generally high, the growth of life expectancy mountainous region is most significant.The appearances of the phenomenon of longevity are closely related to natural environment, the development of social and economic conditions as well as the evolving individual factors. About natural geographic factor:① The number of centenarian, the ratio of centenarian, life expectancy and the average of life expectancy all have a positive correlation with the annual average wind speed.② Levels of the elderly were negatively correlated to the average July temperature and sunshine hours.③ The number of centenarians and life expectancy were negatively correlated to the county average elevation.④ The lower overall level of longevity in Jianghan Plain may have some relationship with the local pollution.⑤ The lower of longevity comprehensive level of Poyang Lake region surrounding areas may be associated with Local dust which excessive heavy metals.⑥The reason why the level of longevity of high hills and mountainous area is high is that there is a certain relationship with its high forest cover and excellent air quality of the environment.About factors of human geography:Centenarians, the ratio of centenarian, elderly levels and life expectancy have varying rank correlation degrees with total regional economy, savings year-end balance of urban and rural residents, urban residents’ disposable income, net income of rural residents, per capita GDP, pension and social welfare spending, social security benefits expenses, million beds, and thousands number of doctors, population aging the level of per capita years of education. Through factor analysis, the factors for level of longevity are "Economic education factor," "social security factor," "health factor", "demographic factor". What’s more, culture, individual factors are closely related to longevity. |
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