The Influence Of Value Intervention On Underconfidence-with-practice Effect

It is repeated study that is a common way for people to improve recall,but many studies focused on memory tasks with equal value,investigating how the judgements of learning absolute accuracy changed in repeated sessions,then it was found that underconfidence-with-practice effect existed in repeated trials.Whearas in memorising tasks with different values,people learn to select high-value items and ignore low-value ones to maximize task goals with improved experience.Based on goals,memory capacity and values,learners choose the best strategy,which is operated by metamemory.Above all,the current study concentrates on whether values calibrate the underconfidence or not.The experiment 1 took the memory task with equal value,aiming to investigate whether the UWP effect arose in hard or easy material,if it were appeared,which trial it woud have appeared and how it would have changed with practice.It is resulted that in the easy word-pairs underconfidence appears in the third trial and then disappears,in the hard ones UWP effect appears in the second trial and disappears in the fifth trial.The experiment 2 took the memory task with different values to investigate the influence of value on UWP effect and absolute accuracy,depended on the the results of experiment 1.It is found that in the easy high-value condition underconfidence disappears,meanwhile in the third trial the absolute accuracy is significantly different between two value levels.It is also presented that in the hard low-value condition UWP effects appears in the second and third trial and then disappears,but in the hard high-vlaue condition UWP effects appears in the second trial and then disappears.In all, the current study demonstrates that in the easy condition high value calibrates the absolute accuracy;in the hard condition value boosts UWP effect to disappear earlier,especially the high value. The present findings do not only to provide theory foundations for regulating UWP effect and new evidence for UWP effect generation,but enlighten teaching practice:value-directed learning motivates learners to take full advantage of cognition resource to finish the learning tasks effectively.