The Vicissitude And Value Interpretation Of The Western Theories Of The Unconscious

The concept of "unconscious" in the west already has a long history. Many philosophers, psychologists have paid attention to the unconscious and inquiry this problem, but only Freud endows the unconscious with the important status and makes the unconscious become an important field in the history of the development of the human spirit. Theory of unconscious has a huge influence on western philosophy, literature and art, and even the whole development of humanities and social sciences. Freud’s huge contribution to the development of the unconscious, is that he found the decisive role played in the human spirit life is not the consciousness as we know but the unconscious which hides under consciousness and is entirely different from the traditional rationalism. And Freud’s psychoanalysis is also based on the unconscious. On the basis of the theory of Freud, Jung’s "the collective unconscious" proceeds from the perspective of primitive myth and image, injects genetic and accumulate connotation into the theory of unconscious connotation and coats the unconscious with mysterious colour. While the traditional psychoanalysis showing signs of decline, the French structuralist psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan puts forward the slogan of "go back to Freud’s writings ", transforms and expands the theory of the unconscious, places the unconscious into structuralism to study and corrects the Freud’s theory which injects new vitality into the unconscious. The researches for the unconscious theory are gradually penetrated to the cultural and social fields. Humanism philosophers Frome absorbs the psychoanalytic unconscious theory but in the meantime calls into question Jung’s collective unconscious; He advocates the unconscious to return to the experience of reality. So he puts the unconscious research into human society structure and establishes the social unconsciousness theory. Active age of postmodern theory, the new Marxist Jameson learnig widely from others’ strong points, unites the Marxist concept of social politics with psychoanalytic theory of the unconscious, compatible with other views, has formed "the political-unconscious", which provides a new reference method for a Marxist cultural hermeneutics. The vicissitude trajectory of the unconscious theory is clearly emerged in front of our eyes.Through discussing different stages of the unconscious theory in the west: Freud’s" individual unconsciousness" theory, Jung’s "the collective unconscious" theory, Lacan’s "cultural unconscious theory", Fromm’s "social unconsciousness" theory and Jameson’s "theory of the political unconscious" and analysising the development of this theory in detail, the paper want to seize the development course of the unconscious theory in the west in general, and make the vicissitude of the unconscious theory clear. The value of theory is also guiding the practice. So the paper from the different angle such as culture, philosophy, art and society to discusses the value of the western theories of the unconscious. The research of western theories of the unconscious, has not only important theoretical significance, but also extensive practical application value.