| Based on the sites of ancient culture, site museums are important to human social development and historical evolution of the retained. So it is significance to do research on the site museums. In this paper, the atmospheric environment of 7 site museums were investigated in winter and summer, including the North open site museum(Emperor Qin’s Terra-Cotta Museum), enclosed site museum(Hanyang Mausoleum), and the Southern site museums along Yangze River. Simple relationship between exposure dose and cultural relics corrosion results were given. This research preliminary obtained the main results were as follows:(1) The average disease area of every terracotta warriors accounted for 29.1% of total figurines area in Pit 1, Emperor Qin’s Terra-cotta Museum. The air exchange rate range of Pit 1 was 1.1 ~ 3.7 h-1. The result of the sampling campaigns in summer and winter in 2013 were as follows. Indoor temperature and relative humidity changed along with outdoor, and the seasonal fluctuation between summer and winter reached up to 23.4℃, 19.0% respectively. The I/O ratio of PM2.5 mass concentration was 1.07 in summer, and 1.05 in winter. The NH4+ and SO42-, NO3- showed a significant correlation.(2)Microclimate conditions and chemical compositions of PM2.5 inside(archaeological site) and outside(visitor passway) the glass enclosure in Hanyang mausoleum were investigated during during the summer and winter in 2013-2014.Obivious seasonal variations of indoor temperature and relative humidity were observed. The summer and winter PM2.5 mass concentration were 18.4±4.6 μg/m3 and28.0±18.9 μg/m3 respectively. The PM2.5 mass I/O ratio between the archaeological site and visitor passway was 0.62±0.23 during the two campaigns. After a heavy haze pollution, the I/O ratio was large than 1. The acidities of PM2.5 particles were higher in winter than thhose in summer. Organic materials predominated in PM2.5 samples(42%-51%). Secondary water solube ions, including SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ were abundant in indoor PM2.5 samples, accounting for 37% in summer and 23% in winter.Compared with 2007-2008 sampling campaign, objects inside glass enclosure were still facing with the potential hazards from microclimate fluctuations, and physical and chemical weathering from indoor aerosols.(3) Indoor air quality at five site museums were investigated during summer and winter. Unstable microclimate conditions were observed at all five museums. The maximal seasonal variations in temperature and relative humidity were 25.7℃ and40.0%, respectively. The mass concentration of PM2.5 inside the museums remained at high levels, ranging from 33.9 to 79.6μg/m3 in winter and from 52.8 to 113.0 μg/m3 in summer. Organic matter(OM) constituted a major fraction(39.3%-53.9% in summer, 22.1%-27.8% in winter) of total PM2.5. The results showed that besides short-term fluctuation and seasonal variation in microclimate conditions, infiltration of gaseous and particulate air pollutants should be of increasing concern at museums in Southern China.(4) The exposure of acid gas(SO2) in the atmosphere environment will cause sulphide generated on the surface of the cultural relics. Coexist with oxidant or other atmospheric pollutants, the reaction proportion of SO2 in atmospheric environments into sulfate will increase. It may increase the risk of the chemical etching to cultural relics. |
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