The Nomadic Cultural Factors On Urban Construction Of Xanadu

The Site of Xanadu which is the summer capital of Yuan Empire, located in the Xar Tala Globeflower plain of Xilingol League Zhenglan Qi of Inner Mongolia. Xanadu is the earliest and oldest capital among the capitals of Yuan Empire, has distinctive national characteristics and keeps intact till now, which is a prestigious international metropolis of Eurasian steppe at that time. what’s more, Xanadu is an exclusive grassland city which has been best preserved in the world and has multiple characteristics, deep influence and status even up to now.This article focuses on the study of the nomadic cultural factors on urban construction of Xanadu, which is divided into three parts.The first part represents the construction background of Xanadu and the factor of nomadic culture, such as the geographical background and humanities background. Geographical background analysis includes how the nomadic cultural factors influence the location of Xanadu, such as reflection on the natural geography and military geography etc., as well as the historical evolution of Xanadu area and the accumulation of nomadic culture. Humanities background analyses the original relations between the region of Xanadu and the fief of Khan, Kublai prince who was stationed at the Xar Tala Globeflower Plain and gathered all kinds of talents and the military strength of this region, which plays a supporting role in the urban construction of Xanadu.The second part mainly discusses the spatial pattern of Xanadu and the factor of nomadic culture. In terms of the planning concept of the capital,Xanadu combined the "GuLieYan" idea of nomadic people with the urban construction thought of Chinese farming civilization, and formed the special structure-"SanQuanCheng". In addition, the spatial pattern of Xanadu includes the sacred space-the royal sacrificial area which has rich nomadic characteristics, the royal hunting enclosure and special public space-four "GuanXiang area", all these show the cultural charm of the urban construction of Xanadu.The third part displays the function and feature of Xanadu buildings and the factor of nomadic culture, such as palaces and religious buildings. As to palace buildings, there are "mobile palace" which has nomadic cultural style and "stationary palace" which has farming cultural style, which show an unique pattern that "freedom" and "rules" are well balanced.For those religious buildings, there are Tibetan Buddhism, Chinese Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Taoism etc., all kinds of religions coexist and create a flourishing situation, each kind of religious architecture occupies very important position respectively, there is no doubt that Xanadu has a strong religious sense, that is to say, Xanadu is a multi-religious city.The planning and design of Xanadu established by nomadic people has typical outstanding significance in ecological harmony between human and nature, known as "ancient ecological city", it has changed the high walls of capital city in the past and the planning layout station that cut off from the surrounding natural environment. On the contrary, it pays attention to the coordination of the capital city and the surrounding natural environment. There are grand palaces, royal garden, yurts, grassland and lakes; in the outer city there are royal hunting area, royal sacrificial area, GuanXiang circle and Oboo circle, all these are in harmony with the surrounding natural environment. Xanadu is an optimal model that reflects the harmony between human and nature. what’s more, Xanadu is pioneering work in the process of the urban civilization of mankind.Based on the nomadic culture which has the most inclusive cultural system, Xanadu implements open and tolerant policies towards all kinds of foreign culture, and it is also a nomadic city where the spirit of open and free are advocated. Nowadays, the site of Xanadu has become the world cultural heritage and has outstanding universal value and significance.