A Study On The Capital’s Committee Of Relief In Winter Under Wang Puppet Regime

In1937, Luokouqiao Incident symbolizes the opening of Sino-Japanese War. On December 13th, Nanking fall into the Japanese hands about eight years. Wang set up a puppet government on March 30th 1940 in Nanking. In Wang’s period, food and materials is short, currency is orderless, people suffer a lot. People survive in famine and cold, threat to the social order and the rule of order seriously. The Wang regime and Nanking local government have to pay special attention to it. The development of production and improved fiscal situation make it possible for Wang regime to wage large-scale social relief. The work of capital’s committee of relief is Wang regime try to get legitimacy, get support from the public, gain social control, promote social stability.October 30,1940, capital’s committee of relief organizational rule was adopted, it clearly defined committee responsibility, staff, organization, source of fund, meeting, meeting address. Capital’s committee of relief set up and operate on ground of it. On November 16, capital’s committee of relief prepared meeting adopted capital’s committee of relief organization rule, it make specific rule on the set up of organization and source of committee member. Capital’s committee of relief operate winter relief by government help, with strong political overtones, it was clear in the set up and operate of organization. The chairman of committee was hold a concurrent post by Wang regime relif committee chairman. The Nanking governor hold a concurrent post on vice chair of capital’s committee of relief. It was a temporary relief organization set up by central and local government.It work on November 1940, and revocation on March 1941.The source of fund in capital’s committee of relief have symbolize characteristics of the times and characteristics of politics. Appropriation by government is the main source of fund, singal source of fund is clearly. Diversity, social in relief fund sources is rare in Wang regime time. Actress raise fund by play is effective by their identity and political position, became the mainstream of fundraising. The Committee also donated books to the issuance by government agencies and industry associations to department fundraiser, it has clear time and organization characteristic. Singal source of fund and strong political overtones, showing the features and characteristics of the times regime. Government funding, organization raise fund, multiple channels to raise relief funds and relief materials laid the foundation for the smooth conduct of relief.The committee relief measures include ordinary relief, shelter, near poor relief. Ordinary relief is the main body in spending and relief people. It reflect the popularity of winter relief. The committee set up shelters, provided aid to homeless, disabled, women and children. The committee hold exam for the near poors, the subject include article, document writing, calligraphy, translation, drawing. The committee gain control over the society and guide the thought by all kinds of relief measures.After the committee’s setting up, its relatively adequate and stable funds provided a necessary financial foundation for Winter Relief. Under the leadership of the central government and local government, the committee made a little achievement. But, sue to the special political background and history, the committee had many special political characteristics and styles, such as in the make-up of the staff, the setting up of the institutes, the collecting of funds and supplies, the methods and policies of relief. The committee focused in controlling and administrating, manifesting Wang puppet government not only took the stability of power seriously but also was striving in establishing its own ideology. The supervision in each institutes, the monitoring to the staff, the controlling to the relief people, the striving for the intellectuals and the administrating for local authority reflected the feature. In addition, the committee was presided by the government, was controlled intensively, the civil power did not take part in relief work very well, the foreign forces were also very weak. The reason is the government set many obstacles for charities and other social organizations in Wang puppet government period.With the committee as the point, we can see clearly the expanding of government power and absence of social organizations in the social managing of the Wang puppet government period. The expanding of government power made the social organizations lack the survival chance. So, it is obviously in the Wang puppet government period, the social relief work mainly controlled by government, and the social power almost took part in the work well. Social organizations and the public in the composition of social relief work and institutes lacking the corresponding position made them can’t take the supervision responsibility well, it was also not conducive to the transparency of social relief work and the diversification of funding sources. Meanwhile, because of the intensively supervision for the public media in Wang puppet government period, the society could not propagate and supervise the social relief work well. That caused the characteristic of governmental relief considerable prominent in social relief, it also reflects the characteristics of "strong state and weak society" in Wang puppet government.