The Agricultural Culture Of Temple And Cemetery Of Confucius And The Kong Family Mansion In Qufu

"San Kong" is short for Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu,as the memory of Confucius and Confucianism. Among them, the Temple is the worship temple of Confucius; The Cemetery is the tomb of Confucius and his family; The Kong Family Mansion is the government office and mansion house of directed descendants of Confucius.Qufu "San Kong" is famous for its scientific and artistic value, with rich culture, long history, grand scale, rich collection of cultural relics.Using the relevant theories and research results of the current agricultural culture has made the comprehensive research, using methods of historical documents, archaeological method, combined with field survey.Investigation Chinese traditional agricultural cultural factors contained in Qufu "San Kong", found that "San Kong" has a profound agricultural cultural :Firstly, Qufu "San Kong" reflects the typical agricultural production way of life. First of all, is Qufu Kong Family landlord manor economy and the joint between small-scale peasant economy, expressing the traditional Chinese landlord was the type of production organization form; Next,Qufu Kong family show the agricultural nation "farming family" way of life; The last is a feature of the garden house of Qufu mansion architectural layout, reflecting the national agriculture "provide for oneself" and "closed heavy" life and the tone.Secondly, Qufu "San Kong" shows the social governance mode of agricultural nation. "Isomorphic" is a traditional agricultural society is very typical of the social structure, and the "patriarchal autocracy" is the most basic treatment methods of traditional agricultural society. Among them, the consanguinity patriarchal system is the most widely used method of family governance.The strict "patriarchy" is the foundation for implementing the patriarchal clan system, modeled on the treatment method of patriarchal clan system, at the national level is the common structure between family and state based on the monarchy. The central government of Kong family shows the social structure of ancient China "isomorphic" and "patriarchal authoritarian governance". "Isomorphic" and "patriarchal autocracy" constitute the social governance mode of agricultural nation.Thirdly,Qufu "San Kong" embodies the Social customs and habits. Based on the "San Kong" construction of different functions, the ritual function of Confucian Temple funeral function and Confucian living etiquette function, are contained in the traditional agricultural culture in the sacrificial rites, funeral customs and etiquette. Specifically, Confucian Temple reflects the sacrificial rites of ancient worship of the national agricultural; Cemetery of Confucius reflects the national agricultural clan burial funeral; Kong Family Mansion reflects the agricultural national attention to the pecking order of etiquette lifestyle.Finally, Qufu "San Kong" highlights the national social mentality. Firstly, in the national character, the Kong Family "living together" and " burying together" reflects to national character; Secondly, the construction, decoration and trees culture fully reflect the national psychology to avoid fierce of the agricultural nation; Thirdly, about the social psychology, the layout of the building, the aesthetic characteristics of Qufu "San Kong" are showing the traditional Chinese "the unity of nature and philosophy".