Studies On Flowing Deformation Of Chinese Euphemism Of Typical Bottom Occupation

The bottom Professional euphemism refers to the name of the relative social status that are considered ignoble profession and practitioners. In this paper, the author chooses these four Chinese professional euphemisms of farmers, fishermen boatman, waiters and cooks as a research object from a historical perspective and examine with "Dynasty", "description", "comparison" and other methods. Based on Rheology of each word, it aims to summaries their features and then to explore the social, economic and cultural factors contained therein.From the perspectives of the emergency, range, frequency, time, semantic evolution and literary style shelter angles, this article describes the characteristics of the evolution process of each entry and preliminarily organizes the co-existence and replacement relationships. On this basis, it explores the constitutive characteristics of the four professional euphemisms. The research shows that professional euphemisms of ancient farmers is mostly the metaphor of the name of official and heaven spirits while professional euphemisms of contemporary peasants try to avoid words such as farmers and rural so as to eliminate the gap between farmers and the urban-residents and to narrow the distance between rural and urban areas; professional euphemisms of boatmen and fishermen are characterized by the general application of "master" to constitute the metaphor of identity and the plainness of the words; professional euphemism in the service sector is more complex – it is mainly constituted by identity metaphor, neologism and the word formation about friend; professional euphemism chef are mainly formed by the two ways of compliment morpheme and metonymy, and the royal chef and civilian cooks are very different in the degree of semantic ascension. The cause factors of these features include the development of water transportation, the prosperity of commodity economy, the change of the social status of agriculture and service sector, the change of the status of men and women, literary traditions, cultural patterns, religion and so on.