Study On The Natural Disaster In North Henan Region North During Ming And Qing Dynasties

China was a natural disaster-prone country since ancient times, the various books about famine and famine relief policy emerged in endlessly, and the study on history of famine and famine relief policy,has attracted lots of attention by academia especiallyGiven the relationship between disasters and politics, economy, society, population, ecology and other is very close,so both of famine and famine relief policy has important academic and practical significance.This paper analyzes the disaster situation and reasons about North Henan Region During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, discusses the impact of disasters and people’s response to disasters, not only has a certain academic value of innovation, but also has great practical significance.This essay is divided into four parts.The first part is about the disaster situation of North Henan Region during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.By reviewing a large number of scattered data,get the statistics of the number of years and the frequency of disasters.This paper also analyzes the characteristics of disasters:natural disasters occurred with high frequency and it always turned up kinds of disasters in one year in the north area of Henan Province During the Ming and Qing Dynasties;a variety of natural disasters intertwined;the flood and drought were the most important types of disasters;the disaster had caused serious consequencesThe second part talks about the the main causes of natural disasters in North Henan Region during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The reason for natural disaster in North Henan Region both natural factors and social factors.Natural factors:The changes of the space environment during Ming and Qing Dynasties was the factor for frequent disasters that can not be ignored;Flat terrain and slope-and-depression topography as well as Temperate Continental Monsoon Climate,made this locality frequent floods and droughts;the climate feature of windy in spring gave rise to wind-induced damage, and more likely to lead to sandstorms disaster;sand and dunes that the Yellow River chronic floods had been left that provided abundant sand source for sandstorm disaster;frequent flood and drought disasters,lower altitude,wheat and other crops planted in large area,led to locust plagues became the third largest disaster in this area.Social factors:over reclamation and cultivation by Long-term development and population growth, ecological damage by irrational use of the Yellow River Beach, resulted in intensified flood and drought;neglect of water conservancy and inadequate reserves of Kuratani,reduce the ability of disaster in this area.The third part is the effects of natural disasters.The capacity of disaster bearing was very low in North Henan Region,the frequent natural disasters,caused considerable damage.Not only a direct result of population death, crops rejection, houses collapsed, livestock deaths,but also caused the plague,inflate prices,made land become concentrated and so on.Natural disasters also deteriorate local social security situation,villagers and villager surrounded problems such as drain off water and supply water,etc.All of these deteriorated the society ecological environment in rural society.The fourth part is countermeasures to disasters that official and folk measures and faith.During Ming and Qing Dynasties,official coping included reduces even exempt of taxes and corvee,stopped and suspended taxes and corvee,lent,gave money and grain,offered porridge,established storage,nfensified water-contral projects and so on.Official coping had formed a series of perfecting system that relieved famine and prepared against natural disaster.Although the effect wasn’t beautiful,it always played a certain role.Helpfull populace’s assistance was a complement to the official relief.Farmers through the selection of crops to plant and reseeding in time after disasters,to reduce the risk of disaster and the extent of injury.The frequent natural disasters caused jinnee faith particularly well-developed in this area,such as Ba La,General Liu Meng,Five Dragon King,Black Dragon King,Bai Dragon King,Great Forth Golden Dragon King,Huang King,General Wang,River God, Kuan,town god,etc,all of deities above got people’s devout worship countermeasures to disasters...