The Analysis Of Vietnamese Students Using Chinese Prepositions Based On Chinese-Vietnamese Preposition Comparison

Lu Jianming (1980) holds the opinion that empty word play a more important role in Chinese than the full word. In Chinese, it is universally acknowledged that the usage of function words is regarded as key grammar which consists of the essential part of teaching foreigners Chinese. Prepositions have a large quantity in Chinese, and they bear abstract grammatical meaning and are used widely and flexibly. For most foreign students, how to grasp the use of prepositions becomes extremely difficult, so do Vietnamese students. Although Chinese and Vietnamese belong to different language families, they both to some extent share common ground from the perspective of vocabulary and grammar. For example, Chinese and Vietnamese have no change of forms or inflexions. They both highlight the sentence grammatical relations through words order and the grammatical devices of prepositions. All in all, the overlapping part between Chinese and Vietnamese is the factor of positive and negative transfer of mother tongue to Vietnamese learners.Hence, this paper mainly focuses on the similarities and differences between Chinese and Vietnamese as well as how Vietnamese students use prepositions. The points are as follows:Firstly, according to the previous research results, the author makes a complete comparison about prepositions between Chinese and Vietnamese from the perspectives of structure, classification, grammatical function and the other features.Secondly, the author extracts five contemporary Chinese prepositions. They are " Dui (对)", "Dui yu (对于)", "Guan yu (关于)", "Gen (跟)" and "Gei (给)" which are frequently used and Vietnamese students always make mistakes when using them. The corresponding words in Vietnamese are" Doi vai"," Voi "and " Cho ". The author group these eight words into three pairs:" Dui (对)", " Dui yu (对于)", " Guan yu (关于)" and " Doi voi", "Voi"; "Gen (跟)" and "Voi"; "Gei (给)" and "Cho"Thirdly, the subjects are Vietnamese. And the author lays an emphasis on the analysis about mistakes when they use the five Chinese prepositions. Then, the author can generate the common mistakes and find out the reasons why they always misuse the prepositions.Finally, the author will gives suggestions to textbook compilation as well as teachers and learners on the basis of aforementioned research.