The Study Of “N Shang(上)” In Modern Chinese

“Shang(上)” is the basic orientation we understand the world. “shang(上)” in Oracle word. With the development of modern Chinese, the semantic of “shang(上)” becomes very complex, it has both the detail meaning place and scope and terms. “Shang(上) ”can also means timen and process.The first chapter analyzes the word“Shang(上)”’s development process from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty:in the Western Zhou Dynasty,it had had already four parts of speech,that were orientation word,nouns,verbs and adjectives,it is still so in modern Chinese.Western Zhou Dynasty,“Shang(上)”’s main significance is to expresse a higher level and space,it could not be said together with time and abstract nouns at that time.To the Han Dynasty,“Shang(上)”began to indicate time.“Shang(上)”had no great change in Wei and Jin and Song Dynasties,“Shang(上)”could indicate surface and processes in Song Dynasty.Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties,“Shang(上)”’s grammaticalization were more thorough,there has been a virtual semantic which was similar to suffix,eg.“YinCiShang(因此上)”.Thus,the“Shang(上)”went from Oracle’single part of speech and semantic to today’s noun of locality,nouns,adjectives and verbs.Then the paper analysis how did the“Shang(上)”’s grammaticalization blur:“Shang(上)”combine with the noun,because“Shang(上)”has flat prominent features,it make Constructions“N Shang(上)”come out of a non-space extended meaning.When“Shang(上)”conjuncts with an abstract noun,“Shang(上)”takes it to a plane view in cognitive.“Shang(上)”means more virtual.The last part in chapter one,the paper analyzes the modern Chinese“N Shang(上)”’s all meaning,especially the process meaning.The second chapter classifies the none from the angles of “dimension”, the zero-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, four-dimensional terms and then on. Then, we analyzes the relationship between the four.The last chapter of the paper establishes the standard of lexicalization: whether the semantic integration; whether the semantic abstraction; whether the grammatical units can be replaced. Then the paper discusses the issue of the reference point, at the person’s location or the noun itself. From the perspective of metaphor and metonymy, we explain the links between the none’s meaning in “human N”, and then explain from the metaphor angle.