A Study On The Justice View Of The Classical Utilitarianism And Its Limitation

Justice, one of the most basic personal and social values, has been the permanent concern of humankind. From ancient to modern, different ideologists have different discussions on justice so that Justice View was given a multifaceted, multi-level, multi-angle perception and significance The purpose of this paper is to analyze the founder of utilitarianism- Bentham and the utilitarian master- mill’s utilitarianism thought, further to explore the connotation of the justice of classical utilitarianism and meaning.The ancient Greek philosophy and modern British empirical philosophy has an important influence on the formation of the classical utilitarian concept of Justice. Analysis and study of western justice thought development, rheological and different characteristics, for the justice of classical utilitarianism research has important significance. Plato and Aristotle for justice elaborated by virtue as the center, to the benefit of city as a starting point, fully opened the prelude to the development of the western theory of Justice Justice is mainly manifested as a kind of goodness-"not to interfere in others’ and general virtue. However, the experience of modern British philosophers Hobbes and Hume on justice theory of personal interests as the starting point, to explain justice from the self preservation and social utility, that is keep justice and social justice based on utilitarianism. Bentham’s emphasis on law and security, and Mill’s focus on freedom and virtue can be found in the above justice thought origin.The basic theory of utilitarianism on the in-depth discussion of classical utilitarian concept of justice cannot do without Bentham and mill. The classic utilitarianism has gradually become perfect by Bentham founded and mill’s correction. The practical, critical and progress of it become the mainstream thought of British society, extensive and profound influence. Bentham utilitarianism is based on "great avoid bitter" the natural theory of human nature, on the basis of the interests of the individual, the utilitarian principle as the core, committed to the criticism of the traditional and realistic. Bentham firmly believed that the application of the utility principle in law and politics is an important mission of legislators and government. Bentham thought about justice directly is very limited, his justice thought indirectly reflected in the legislation and theory of political reform. Based on the analysis of integrity standards, legislative goals and principles of equality, justice is the law that his. He believes that the nature of justice is a legal concept. Bentham respect for the law to make him ignored the moral right and moral justice. As a result, his theory has been wildly criticized. Mill was a disciple of Bentham, but also a critic. He in response to Bentham’s utilitarianism faces criticism, also deeply criticized and revised it, to further improve the classical theory of utilitarianism. He put forward the importance of happiness "quality", extended the meaning of happiness, introduced based on the empiricism of moral conscience theory. The most important is his demonstration of the relationship between justice and utility, highlighting the utilitarianism as a pursuit of the public happiness theory of special concern for justice, making it easier to be accepted. Mill thinks that justice is protect the right of the individual right, especially the rights of freedom. But his theory is still controversial.The moral philosopher Sedgwick after Mill reconciled the utilitarianism and intuitionism. On the basis of criticized and inherited Bentham and mill’s utilitarianism theory. In addition, the justice of classical utilitarianism has always faced criticism of Kant’s deontology and Rawls theory of Justice. The chapters will focus on the classical utilitarianism interference of distribution of personal freedom and good prior to legitimate, injustice and other critical content to make deep thinking and part of the response. Finally, through the investigation and analysis, grasp the classical utilitarianism rationality and limits on the whole. Overall, As one of the three major schools of modern western liberalism justice view, classical utilitarianism influence on the progress and development of human society can not be ignored, its theory is worthy of our thinking and reference place, also has its internal divisions and the inherent limitations.