Study On The Health Risk Behaviors Of Middle School Students: Family Related Factors

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of health risk behaviors among middle school students in Wuhu city and Jiaxing City, explore the relationship between health risk behaviors and family related factors, and further study on health risk behaviors of adolescents, in order to provide references for family and relevant departments to carry out prevention and improvement of health risk behaviors of adolescents.Methods: According to stratified cluster sampling, students of 3 middle schools in Wuhu city and 4 in Jiaxing city were selected as the research object. 6347 middle school students in grades 7~12 were asked to complete an anonymous self-administered questionnaire through on-site survey. The main contents of the survey included general information of the investigation object and the adolescent health risk behavior survey.Results: In the 6347 middle school students, only child and non-only child accounted for 53.5% and 46.5% respectively. Father’s education background was listed as university and above 5.6%, junior college 5%, high school/ secondary school18.4%, junior high school 49.5%, elementary school19.7%, and illiteracy 1.7%, while mother’s was 3.7%, 3.9%, 12.7%, 38.7%, 32.9%, 8.1% respectively. Father’s occupation included(1)civil servant and teacher;(2)science and technology, financial, and medical personnel;(3)freelancer and self-employed worker;(4)worker and enterprise employee;(5)unfixed employee and migrant worker;(6)the others, which accounted for 4%, 4%, 35.8%, 37.3%, 13.8%, 5.2% respectively. The percentage of mother’s occupation was 2.8%, 4.3%, 28.7%, 31.1%, 21.9%, 11.2% respectively. Family annual income of <10 thousand, 10~30 thousand, 30~60 thousand, >60 thousand yuan were 5.5%, 22.6%, 38.7%, 33.2%. Family type included nuclear family, three generation family, single parent family, remarried family, the ratio of which were 68.5%, 22.5%, 5.2%, 1.9%, 1.9% respectively.Among 6347 middle school students, smokers accounted for 4.2%, drinkers 21.9%(heavy drinkers accounted for 7% of all drinkers); rule breakers among the bike riders accounted for 32.5%; students who fought accounted for 20.2%; students who swam in unsafe area accounted for 8.7%; students without sense of security accounted for 3.9%; students who suffered partial eclipse accounted for 38.6%; students who often drank soft drinks accounted for 9.8%; students who often ate dessert accounted for 20.3%; students who didn’t eat breakfast accounted for 8.2%; students who were lack of physical exercise accounted for 57.1%; the electronic game addiction students accounted for 13.7%; internet addiction students accounted for 11.3%;students who suffered loneliness accounted for 13.2%, who felt learning pressure accounted for 28%, who often or always suffered insomnia accounted for 8.1%, who had depressive moods accounted for 12.3%, and who had suicide idea accounted for 20.3%.Single factor analysis showed that:(1) only or non-only child factor had statistically significant impact on trying drinking, drinking, smoking below 13 years old, illegal ride, learning pressure, suicide idea, not drinking milk, not eating breakfast, healthy diet, lack of physical exercise, doing homework(more than 4h/d), surfing the Internet, watching TV, video game addiction and network addiction.(2)Education background of father had statistical influence on trying smoking, smoking, often smoking, smoking every day, heavy smoking, smoking below 13 years old, taking easy addiction drugs, illegal ride, violating rules when walking, swimming in unsafe areas, campus violence, suicide, often eating dessert, often eating fast-food, not drinking milk, not eating breakfast, losing weight through exercise, losing weight through medicine, internet addiction. The ratio of unintentional injury behavior was relatively higher in students, whose fathers had a low education level(such as illiteracy or primary school). Education background of mother had statistical influence on bike riders who broke rules, swimming in unsafe areas, campus violence, learning pressure, suicide, often eating dessert, often eating fast-food, not drinking milk, not eating breakfast, losing weight through exercise, vomiting, and medicine, video game addiction. The ratio of unintentional injury behavior was relatively higher in students, whose mothers had a low education level(such as illiteracy or primary school).(3)Fathers’ different occupations had statistical influence on trying smoking, illegal ride, violating rules when walking, swimming in unsafe areas, depressive mood, attempted suicide, often drinking soft drink, often eating dessert, often eating fast-food, not drinking milk, video game addiction. Mothers’ different occupations had statistical influence on trying smoking, smoking every day, smoking and drinking below 13 years old, drinking, learning pressure, attempted suicide, often drinking soft drink, often eating dessert, often eating fast-food, not drinking milk, video game and internet addiction.(4) Different types of families had statistical influence on smoking below 13 years old, trying smoking, smoking, often smoking, smoking every day, heavy smoking, trying drinking, heavy drinking, drunkenness, often watching TV, often surfing internet, video game and internet addiction(The ratios of video game and internet addiction of students from remarried families were relatively higher), illegal ride, swimming in unsafe areas, students who fought, suffered lonely mood, and had suicidal idea and plan. As for unhealthy dietary behaviors(such as drinking soft drinks, eating dessert, often eating fast food, not drinking milk, not eating breakfast and eclipse), there was no statistical difference between remarried families and families in which parents separated from their children.(5) Family incomes had had statistical influence on often drinking soda, often eating dessert and fast food, not drinking milk, healthy weight loss(exercise and diet control), unhealthy weight control(vomiting behavior and medication), exercise(lack of physical exercise, often watching TV, doing homework more than 4h/d and often surfing the Internet, etc.), electronic games and internet addiction, insomnia, and attempted suicide.Multiple factors analysis showed that only child was risk factor of smoking, drinking, campus violence; remarried families and long-term separation from parents were risk factors of smoking, drinking, addictive drug use, campus violence, and suicidal ideation; low family income was risk factor of drinking and campus violence; higher education level of mother was protective factor of smoking, drug addiction and campus violence; Mother’s occupation as civil servant and teacher was protective factor of drinking.Conclusion: Health risk behavior among middle school students in Wuhu city and Jiaxing city was serious, which should attract much attention of family, school, society and the students themselves. The growing-up of children was inseparable from parents’ teaching by precept and example, mutual understanding and support of family members, and parents’ moderate supervision. Parents should attach great importance to children’s physical and mental health, improve their own self-cultivation and requirements, and give children more care and appropriate help, so as to prevent or reduce health risk behaviors of adolescents.