The Research Of Li Zehou’s “New Enlightenment Theory” In Marxist Philosophical Perspective

In the era of ultra-leftist, Marxist ideology is veiled, when voluntarism and mechanical materialism are popular, the relationship between subjective and objective is blurred. All of voluntarism, mechanical materialism and their manifestations were criticized by Li Zehou, and these outcomes were integrated into his anthropological philosophy, and then becoming a completed system. He gave the consciousness which based on these policies and campaign a more credible argumentation theory. This theory is also an important achievement of New Enlightenment. According to the study of the history of Chinese traditional thinking, Li Zehou discovered the reason of voluntarism for the ultra-leftist. In his view, Chinese philosophy has three characteristics, namely a strong color of holism, extreme emphasis on the role of moral will to egalitarian ideal. These three characteristics have correlation, and does not completely separate. They are produced in underdeveloped agricultural society, and are the natural result of “small-scale agriculture economy”. Keen moral purification, “Great Leap”, Movement of People and other unrealistic policies which attempt to achieve leapfrog development, mandatory intervention of scientific development, and other acts of destruction of traditional culture are the actual performance of voluntarism. On the one hand, to get rid of the impact of such voluntarism, they should return to the original meaning of Marxism, understanding the new practice of Marxist theory, viewing practice as historical and materialism areas. The other is to get rid of the Stalinist tendencies mechanical materialism in the interpretation of Marxism, establishing the status of human subjectivity. In the latter case, Li Zehou recognize Kant thought’s unique interpretation of man’s inherent subjectivity, his spiritual ontology form----- creative content structure----- to “cultural psychology ontology”. This conversion implements the philosophy of Kant’s leap from the inside, but also to some extent, solve the Kantian philosophy “thing in itself” problem. By combining the two philosophies, the traditional concept of the dual problem of fragmentation, such as Sense and Sensibility, Subject and Object, Human and Natural, are resolved in Practical Philosophy. Also for this reason, Li Zehou becomes one of the few theorists in eastern world of the research of Kant’s philosophy and makes a significant contribution to this field. Li Zehou’s view of history and his philosophy are the same. On the one hand, he has stressed that the historical determinism. But on the other hand, he also emphasizes people’s initiation. To solve the dilemma between the two, Li Zehou put forward his own historical ontology. In this theory, he believes the node of balancing historical determinism and people’s initiative is the “degree”. In the course of historical development, China should grasp the “degree”----gradual reform rather than extreme revolution. This argument is very advanced, and also fit the era of reforming background. In conclusion, Li Zehou achieved Marxism practical philosophy converse creation, excellent use of historical materialism and created a new genre of Marxist philosophy.