A Cognitive Approch To Uyhgur Human Body Words

Human beings are a whole in all social relations and a part of the society, so human beings are also a part of the outside world. In real life, people often according to the spatial location of human organs, image characteristics, physiological characteristics and functional characteristics, the abstract and complex things in human terms to express the specific, such as the phrase "qa? bil?n kirpikniη arliqida", people are according to the eyebrows and eyelashes position feature(the distance between the eyebrows and eyelashes is very close) and conventional idioms, so when we in the expression not far away, very near the place will be use of this phrase. Human body words are the mapping of the abstract domain, which is reflected in the aspects of people’s life. A part from some of the idioms, Uyghur proverbs also are the people’s in the long process of production practice and experience of life, having in the profound cultural connotation of statements which is people gathered rich experience. This paper will briefly study on more than 400 proverbs containing human body words collected in "Chinese and Uyghur proverbs dictionary".This thesis mainly uses the metaphor theory of cognitive linguistics to study the human body words in modern Uyghur language.The first chapter mainly analyses the semantic cognition of human body words. human body words are divided into four parts, the head words(head, eyes, face, tongue, ears, mouth), body words(girth, abdomen), body words(hands, nails, feet, and fingers), words of the internal organs(heart, bowel, liver, bones and muscles), from the cognitive perspective, combined with the feature of their position, from the semantic features and functional characteristics of cognitive analysis.The second chapter mainly is from the lexical, semantical and grammatical features description and analysis of Uyghur human body words. Because the Uyghur human body words and expressions involved in this thesis are mostly idioms, this paper not only carries out the lexical analysis, but also classifies them according to their semantic features and grammatical features. Semantically the human body words and expressions is divided into primitive human body words, polysemy of human body words and expressions, containing derogatory or commendatory human body words, synonyms of human body words and expressions and so on, and by the words “ba? and kalla”, “jyz and t?iraj”, “qorsaq and it?i”, human body words and expressions illustrates their distinguishes the meaning of the word, and Uyghur human body words and expressions of the various connotative meaning; grammar is classified according to the syntactic and grammatical relations.The third chapter focuses on cognitive characteristics of metaphor characteristics of human body words. Metaphor as a cognitive model is a universal way of thinking. In other words, according to the similarity principles of structure or functions the whole body from top to bottom, from inside to outside mapped to the things around us. From the human body domain to the not human body domain mappings are the function and mechanism of metaphor, people on the basis of understanding the world and gain knowledge and experience about the world. Finally, by the contained in the human body words in Uyghur languange metaphors in proverb show the Uyghur ethics, values, religious beliefs and folk culture and etc.