On The Verbs With Predicate Objects In Mandarin

This article is on mandarin verbs with predicate objects, namely transitive verbs that can take predicative objects in mandarin. The article can be divided into four parts: background part、analysis part、synthesis part and conclusion part.Background part: chapter 1 and chapter 2. It describes the background of the research in chapter 1 and it summarizes the existing achievements in question angle in chapter 2, generalizing them as research of the predicate verbs on five clues.Analysis part: chapter 3, chapter 4 and chapter 5. In chapter 3 we first analyze the old criteria in dividing the predicate verbs, pointing out their irrationality one by one. Then we propose the new criterion——the internal predication(or reference) expressed by the predicative objects’ exterior syntactic structure——to divide the corresponding predicate verbs. Therefore we divide the predicate verbs into six categories. Founding on chapter 3, two questions raise——the predication and reference of predicative objects in chapter 4 and the raising of interrogative mood from the embedded clause to the main sentence in chapter 5. In chapter 4, we first analyze the predication and reference of the six kind objects of the predicate verbs specifically, finding that the old way using “shen me” and “zen me yang” to test predicative objects’ predication and reference is not accurate. Then we try to grab the variation trend of the six kind predicative objects’ predication and reference by a whole. We find that co-variation exists between the degrees of semantic control from predicate verbs to its objects and the predicative objects’ predication and reference. Namely the higher the degree of semantic control from predicate verbs to its objects is, the lower the predicative objects’ predication is and the higher the predicative objects’ reference is correspondingly. Furthermore, type A1 and type C of predicate verbs which are located in the two extreme sides of the degree of semantic control become grammaticalized gradually because of pragmatics and syntax causes respectively, just functioning as language marks in the sentence(type C is called predicative mark in chapter 6 by us). In chapter 5, we explain the raising of the interrogative mood in object clauses by the predicate verbs’ ability to take real or unreal affairs and re-explain factors such as “context、pause、stress and subject” as the variation and adjustment of predicate verbs’ ability to take real or unreal affairs.Synthesis part: chapter 6. We explain the two questions in chapter 4 and chapter 5 as the predicative objects’ assignment by a whole. Namely, the predicative objects’ predication and reference are the result of assignment of kinds of syntactic categories to predicative objects by the predicate verbs, founding on the need of talking about movement and process by people, driven by economy of language. Also referring to the raising of interrogative mood, it is the result of assignment of truth value to predicative objects by predicate verbs.Conclusion part: chapter 7. We conclude our main views and point out our innovation points and shortcomings, trying to illuminate the direction of the further research.