| In the field of international relations, the ideological and cultural communication between the states and the nations is a very important content undoubtedly. The development and communication of ideology and culture has almost played a decisive role in the constructive processes of a national way of thinking, values, character and emotion, and ethos. These unique national cultural psychologies often exert profound influences on the behaviors of the countries and the relationships between the countries. In the period of hard power which’s discourse power is relatively weaker than before, the importance of cultural soft power has become increasingly prominent. Under this background, as an extremely rare and typical case which is combined with the original culture so successfully in the field of ideological and cultural communication of international relations, the research of India Buddhism disseminating eastward but not westward not only has the very necessary theoretical significance, but also highlights the time value and practical significance of the new features in the development of present international relations.Generally, this article takes ideology and culture as the clue. First of all, it analyzes the reasons why Indian Buddhism disseminated westward unsuccessfully from the ideological and cultural perspective. It is thought that the direct reason is that there is a contradiction between India Buddhism and the mainstream ideology of the west at that time on the depth of thought and the category of thinking. Then the article discusses why it can turn the tide and conditions needed, when India Buddhism spread to the east. After comparing the results of the spread of the east and the west, the article further finds out the deeper-level reasons of this problem, which is the fundamental differences in the development path between the two cultures.Specifically, in the article, the first part from two aspects of theory analysis and factual examples, demonstrates that the level of thinking and the content of thought of Indian Buddhism were unlikely to be accepted by the west under the historical background at that time.Therefore,the direct dissemination was inevitably to fail,after Indian Buddhism arrived in the west. But the author believes that the dissemination of Buddhism is not only one test.In this process for several hundred years,Buddhism would not be willing to stop,after the early failure. It would necessarily try to take some improved and flexible measures to promote the spread.Just right Buddhism began to disseminate eastward,after it disseminated westward. In the east, it did not go well at the beginning. Later through continuous efforts,which were taking some localization methods and utilizing the historical opportunity,it turned the tide to achieve success finally. This is the only successful case that retained in the history of Buddhism in the communications with the senior civilizations. This experience indicates that after the setback direct dissemination made,it still has the opportunity to reverse the situation.Thus, this experience naturally becomes the indispensable reference and comparison which are needed by analyzing problem of disseminating westward. So in the second part,the article detailedly discusses and summarizes the experience of how to turn the tide in the east.In the third part, the article analyzes whether the west has the necessary condition that Buddhism relied on in the east,through the comparison and reference with experience in the east.And it also analyzes the deep, multi-level cultural and historical roots behind this kind of condition.Thus,the article makes the final conclusion that Indian Buddhism was hard to turn the tide in the west.In addition, the article also briefly mentions the other possible reasons of this problem in the social and historical aspects. Moreover,the article simply introduces the experience of Indian Buddhism spreading to the south and the situation of extinction in its own country. |
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