Research On Marx And Engels’s Thoughts Of Philosophy Of Life

The alienation of life is becoming increasingly apparent and spreading in contemporary Chinese society. Many problems of life, such as misunderstand life, contempt life and amuse life, needs philosophical answers. However, we now find that the real scientific and effective philosophies of life are rare. The irrationalism of modern western philosophy of life is clearly not as a theoretical guide. And the contents of Chinese traditional philosophy of life are abundant, but contentions among these thoughts lead to a disunited ideology of life. There is no exact entry point to be a theoretical guide. Under the guidance of Marxism, contemporary China is developing constantly. It is no doubt that Marxism has epochal character. Although Marxism has not yet expanded human life as a form of philosophy of life, its basic spirits and insights are contained in its ideological system. We believe that the founders of Marxism contains a very profound philosophy of life. It not only change the traditional philosophical ideas about human life, but also has logical priority over the modern philosophy of life in the value of life. This paper is aim to explain it reasonably. To research the Marx and Engels’s philosophy of life is the inherent requirement to uphold and develop the Marxism, especially the Marxist human theory. It helps people to establish a scientific view of life and to promote the construction of Chinese socialist ecological civilization either.This paper has a consistent logic of life. A logic of life is that people understand the existence of life, confirm the need for life, envisage the alienation of life, seek the liberation of life, and ultimately make the freedom of life come true. According to the logic of life, firstly, we must clarify the definition of life, then explore where are the Marx and Engels’s understandings of life come from, as well as the basic meaning of life in their thoughts. Furthermore, we should give some discrimination between the Marx and Engels’s thoughts of philosophy of life and the logic of life in Western Marxism which after Marx and Engels. Meanwhile, it is a crucial point to clarify the similarities and differences between Marx and Engels’s thoughts of philosophy of life and philosophy of life in modern Western. This is directly related to Marx and Engels’s thoughts and the concept of the philosophy of life. Finally, back to reality from theory, we research practical ways to achieve the free and all-around development of human life.This paper consists of introduction and main body. The introduction section includes reasons to choose this topic, reviews of existed papers at home and abroad, basic ideas, main contents, research methods and possible innovations. The main body divided into four parts. The first part discusses the basic meaning of life, characteristics and types of life, and discriminates the concepts of life and survival, ecology and other relationships. The second part summarizes the sources of philosophy of life of Marx and Engels, including classical German philosophy, political economy in Britain, Utopian socialism and thoughts of life in biology and anthropology. Then to explain basic contents of their philosophy of life which consists the category of life, the practice of life and the value and meaning of life. The third section comment the Marx and Engels’s thoughts of philosophy of life. Compared with the logic of life in Western Marxism and the philosophy of life in modern Western, we trying to give Marx and Engels’s philosophy of life possible evaluation and position. The fourth part synthesizes the alienation of human ecological life in contemporary China to symptoms of life, and diagnose them, then take some scientific and reasonable plans.In this paper, we use literature synthesis method, interdisciplinary research method and phenomenological method of Marx’s human theory. It may be innovative in the following three areas. Firstly, the innovation in problem domain. The problem domain of this paper is Marx and Engels’s philosophy of life. Secondly, the innovation in views. We hold that Marx and Engels’s life philosophy is a "Practice-Ecology" philosophy of life. And we make new interpretations to the value of life of Marx and Engels. What’s more, we make a new thinking to construct a theoretical schema of philosophy of life in contemporary China. Thirdly, the innovation in methods. It is worth mentioning the phenomenological method of Marx’s human theory. We study the alienation of human life directly with perceptual intuition. We "look" the essence of alienation of human life is the error of people’s view of life and their lack of reason. Therefore, we focus on the reconstruction of the human rational spirits. Scientific view of life is a rational evaluation criteria. The purpose we return to texts is to find out a rational discourse that can direct the establishing of this standard.