Study On The Morpheme Of The Nouns In The Chinese Proficiency Test Syllabuses

The study of the morpheme is one of the important aspects in the study of vocabulary,and the study of words from the perspective of morpheme is also an important method in the same field of research. In this study, the 1336 morphemes of the 1815 nouns in the Chinese Proficiency Test Syllabuses are the research materials. Based on the analysis of the phonetic, formal and semantic features of morpheme of the nouns,the ways of combination of morphemes and the relations between the lexical meaning and the meaning of morpheme of the nouns are studied.In addition, this study can provide some help to the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.The research on the morpheme of the nouns in the Chinese Proficiency Test Syllabuses includes three parts:First of all,the characteristics of morphemes of nouns involved in vocabulary are described and analyzed. Through statistics, the external form of the morpheme is generally a single syllable;and the morpheme which can be an independent word can mark the nature of nouns in internal function. Furthermore,phonetics,form and semantic can influence on the discrimination of morpheme,and the rich features of morpheme increase the difficulty of identification.Secondly, the relations between the lexical meaning and the meaning of morpheme of the nouns are studied.There are five types of morpheme combinations, which are composed of noun compound words, which are coordinate relations, partial positive relations, dominance relations, supplementary relations and representations,among which the partial positive relations and the coordinate relations are the most important forms.The relations between the meaning of morpheme of the nouns and the lexical meaning mainly have three types:direct reflection type, indirect reflection type and fuzzy type. We found in the study that the meaning of nouns can be added to the subject, the object, the scope and the character to perfect the expression of the meaning of the morpheme,and the changes of meaning after the composition of morpheme have an influence on the relations between the lexical meaning and the meaning of morpheme of the nouns.Thirdly, in the application of morpheme teaching methodology in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, there are some problems existed in the aspects of the classification of grades from the point of view of morpheme in the Chinese proficiency test syllabuses.In addition, this study puts forward some suggestions on the noun morpheme teaching method:teachers and students in teaching Chinese as a foreign language should establish a sense of morpheme teaching;noun teaching should be based on the lexical meaning and then analyzes the meaning of morpheme;when analyzing noun morpheme,the changes of morpheme after entering the word need to be concerned,and the contact of the noun morphemes of similar meanings also need to be summarized.