The Research And Discussion About Government By Law When Germany Invaded Chinese Kiautschou-gebiets As Leased Territory(1897-1914)

In the late19thcentury, Germany took part in the colony of imperialism of the world, butunfortunately, only when the trend drew to end. However, even as the latecomer, it doesn’tmean the Germany did not have the power of management of the leased territory. TheGermans put in a great show on its extraordinary capacity of colony where the Germanyseized the final opportunity of the settlement to establish a leased territory as so called“KiauTschou-Gebiets” in Chinese mainland, which was invaded by force.Although the treaty specified that the “KiauTschou-Gebiets” was only leased toGermany and the Qing Dynasty had the sovereign rights in form, the Germans still took it asthe oversea territory of their own in deed and devoted all their powers to the construction.Several years later,“KiauTschou-Gebiets” had changed enormously. The greatest of changesof all was Tsingtau as the main city of “KiauTschou-Gebiets”, which was turned from awretched town to a beautiful and famous modern city.Whereas this was far from revealing the Germans’ capacities, the most powerful ofwhich were the cultural policies and laws made by the Germans and controlled and influencedthe Chinese then. Only more than a decade, after the Germans left, the laws were not of noeffect however. Fully or partly, both the Japanese and Chinese as the takeover admitted thelaws of “KiauTschou-Gebiets” made by the Germany, especially in the social publicmanagement aspect, which were still worth learning and studying today. The Germans madeand offered the “KiauTschou-Gebiets” as a “model colony territory”, which established theGermans’ capacity of management and caught the attention of other country.This paper discusses and analyzes the rule of law of the “model colony territory” fromfour aspects, which are “the legal regulation of the social management”,“cultural policies”,“influence elements” and “the government effects” so that the history of “government bylaw” can be revealed and seen clear.The first part of the paper is to brief how Germans got the KiauTschou-Gebiets, theirpurposes and of which how the Tsingtau became the new city. The second to the fifth part ofthe paper is the main content. The second part shows the legislation of city construction,social sanitation, personate security, environment protection and social culture when Germansgoverned KiauTschou-Gebiets. The laws were complete and feasible, which actually governed the individuals then. The third part introduces the “culture policies of socialgovernment”, which “corrected” the thinking of people. Some of the measures of thegovernment made the Chinese accept and recognize the Germans. The fourth part discussesthe elements which influenced the Germans when they carried out two main measures aboveso that we can see the mind of the colonist. The fifth part indicates the effects of the two mainmeasures of law and culture. Likely, the effects not only were the changes of the environment,but also the changes of the thoughts of the Chinese. We can’t help thinking did the Germansreally govern this place for the Chinese? Were the Chinese treated unfairly? Were theresome problems when the KiauTschou-Gebiets was taken as the model colony territory? Thesequestions are about to be discussed in the latter half of the fifth part. After all the discussions,there is a closing in the end of the paper, which I hope can be an inspiration.