The Research And Discussion On Administrative License When Germany Invaded Chinese Kiau Tschou-Gebiets As Leased Territory During Colonial Period Of Morden China(1897—1914)

In the late 19 th century, united Germany took part in the capturing and contesting towards China with imperialist powers. On the excuse of Juye anti-church case happened in Nov. 1897, Germany occupied the Bay by army troops and forced Qing Dynasty to sign the Lease Treaty of KiauTschou. After the occupation, Germans did not use the old method to supervise the colony, but adopted the army model, using state intervention mechanism to build Kiau Tschou-Gebiets a model colony territory. Therefore, KiauTschou Government enacted a large number of administrative laws to regulate the affairs in KiauTschou-Gebiets, the content of which was wide-ranging as well as meticulous. Taking a view of these laws, administrative license was placed extra emphasis as a regulation object. The establishment of administrative license is to maintain social and economic order, allocate resources rationally, protect environment, preserve the rights of citizens. It is based on these three purposes that this paper discusses and analyzes the administrative license of KiauTschou-Gebiets.This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is a brief on how Germany got the KiauTschou-Gebiets and the process as well as legislation after occupation, on the basis of which elaborates the emerging of the administrative license of KiauTschou-Gebiets. The second part researches administrative license which regulates social economy, including business license and employee management on vehicle, ships, taverns, opera house and pawnshop etc. The third part demonstrates the administrative license and legislation on environmental protection, containing license on resources conservation such as the hunting license, mining quarry license and burning charcoal license and license on environment conservation, for instant, disposing the rubbish and soil. The fourth part mainly discusses administrative license on citizen rights protection from two aspects, that is, personal safety and physical health. Licensing items on personal safety includes keeping dogs and holding weapons, while license on physical health contains drugs and tobacco management, milk and meat inspection, venereal disease supervision. The fifth part evaluates the administrative license of KiauTschou-Gebiets, analyzes its drawbacks and puts forward the significance to today's society on the foundation of the four parts above.