From Socialism To Jewish Nationalism

Moses Hess is a famous representative figure of the early German socialist, a pioneer ofscientific socialism. He was the earliest people who want to combine the theories of Germanclassical philosophy, classical political economics of British and French utopian socialist toprove the "socialism".He was known as "the father of the German Socialist". He knew KarlMarx in his early years, then introduced Engels to Marx and discussed the socialism withthem in depth. His theories lay the foundation for "the scientific socialism".Only the nationalissue. They went their separate ways because of the national issue. He began to study the Jewsin depth when the anti-Semitism in Europe rose again. He is the earliest people to propose thetheory of Jewish Zionism. He published "Rome and Jerusalem" in Cologne in1862, thatexpounded the theory of political Zionism at the first time, he proposed the only way ofgetting rid of the anti-Semitism was Zionism. He expressed in the article that the politicalresurrection of our country should be considered before the resurrection of the Jewish nation.Hess believed that every nation should exist, because the true internationalism must beestablished on the mutual respect of nations. Since Marx regarded the mankind, especially theworking class, as a single group, Hess believed that every nation should be closely linkedwith others and should preserve the nation’s unity and individuality. Then the Zionistmovement gradually developed, and ultimately promote create Israel.This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is introduction, introduces the researchbackground and significance, research status at home and abroad about Hess thought, and theresearch content and research methods. The second part is Hess’s socialist thought, includingthe origin of Hess’s socialist ideology, ideological content and features, status and role in thehistory of scientific socialism, and ultimately influence on Marx and Engels, and disagreement with Marx in philosophy, but Marx transcends the idea, establish the scientificsocialism thought. The third part analysis the process performance of Hess’s transforms froma socialist to the Jewish people, and finally reasons for why he changed. The forth partanalysis and evaluation of Jewish nationalism thought of Hess, and expounds the content andexpression of Jewish nationalism, and discusses the Jewish nationalism and modern Zionismsimilarities and differences, finally discussed the influence of Jewish nationalism of theZionist movement. The fifth part is the conclusion, this part made a summary of this research,and caused thinking about two major thoughts in last100years on Jewish topics, While theJewish unremitting efforts,with Hess as the representative, Israel was established, the Jewsfinally achieved peace, also realized Hess’s longing for the liberation of human pursuit.