| Population aging is a common issue of the world now. China’s population aging shows "old before getting rich", "not prepared before getting old" features. The number of the elderly population and its growth rate are two challenging issues we are facing. It is critical for our country’s economic and social development to properly place the elderly as well as to deal with all sorts of risks from this rapidly aging population. The rapid growth of Chinese economy has changed our family’s traditional concept. Besides, with the implementation of the family planning policy which resulting in family size shrinking, we have many "single nuclear family" and "empty nesters". The traditional pension mode which based on family has been gradually weakened. The elderly rely on their children for support has been difficult to meet the urgency of our current pension situation. We are in great demand of specialized pension institutions and nursing homes. As an important support system of social services, institutional pension system could conduct research on the development of nursing homes effectively and make complement to the theoretical system of social services. Changzhi City is a prefecture-level city in the southeastern region of Shanxi Province, and its development of nursing homes can provide a reference for those less developed pension agencies in west and middle China.Guided by non-profit organization theory and management theory, I use the integrated use of literature, questionnaire surveys, interviews, statistics and logical analysis to make investigation and research on operating conditions of nursing homes, basic living conditions and satisfaction in elderly nursing homes of Changzhi City. We want to find the problems concern the development of Changzhi City’s nursing homes, and then make attempting to explore the effective path of a small city nursing homes’ survival and development, so that institutional pension institution may play an important role in the system of social services, release China’s current urgent mitigation pension situation and promote the vigorous development of the pension industry. Concluded as follows:(1) There are currently 22 registered nursing homes in Changzhi City, including nine government-run, and 13 private ones. Most of them are in the villages and the urban fringe of the city, and half of these pension institutions have an operating life of less than five years. Their largest asset is around 30 million CNY, with the average assets of 6.79 million CNY. Their bed size is about 100-150. The configuration of infrastructure and amenities are poor; most of the pension agency can only provide the necessary accommodation and basic activities of daily living space and place, with 80% of them are at a loss.(2) There are a total of 1237 elderly people living in the 19 operating nursing homes, and the average occupancy rate of 60%. There are 308 staffs in total, including 199 nursing staffs. The ratio of care workers over the elderly is 1:6.2, which indicates a serious shortage of nursing staff. There also exist a number of problems of the care workers such as a lack of training, low quality, working conditions and low salaries. The main serving group of Changzhi City nursing homes is the elderly who can take care of themselves. Some of the nursing homes does not receive half or full care for the elderly. There are few individual nursing homes can receive temporary sustenance type elderly and hospice-type elderly, and no additional services for other types of elderly. The main services are daily care and health care, and other services have bad carrying out situations.(3)I randomly surveyed 150 elderly questionnaires in 10 nursing homes, with 87 males and 63 females aging mainly between 70-79. They approximately have an education level of primary school or no less, occupation before retirement for farmers and workers, and the main source of income after retirement is their children or pension.The reason why these elderly choose to live in the elderly nursing homes in Changzhi city is the lack of their children care:no children or their children are too busy to take care of the elderly. Their recreational activities are mainly watching TV and talking.68.7% of the elderly do not engage in physical fitness activities, because both limitations of spaces & facilities and their physical conditions. The survey of the elderly living in pension institutions shows dissatisfaction:78.7% in general feel dissatisfied or just so-so. Dissatisfaction comes from the lack of accompanying guidance, the spirit of soothing services and physician. |
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