| War and Peace always occupy a place in the field of international relations. Peace and development are the theme of world development. The consolidated and sustainable peace has become a problem that countries must take into consideration after conflict. The peace-building theory not only adapts to the needs of the times, but also adapts to the needs of post-conflict countries which aspire long-term stability development. Liberia is one of the most important countries in West Africa, but historical reasons and long-time civil war led to its difficulties in the peace-building operations. The United Nations Mission in Liberia have many achievements in the Liberia post-war peace-building operations.The peace-building theories have been proposed in 1970s. The international community neglected peace-building initiatives in the country’s domestic conflict during the Cold War, lead to peace building theory lag behind in practice. Due to the twists and frustration of the United Nations peace-keeping operations in Post-Cold War, peace-building theory began to receive attention. The UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali submitted a report "Agenda for Peace preventive diplomacy, peace-building and peace-keeping" at the forty-seventh session of the Security Council in 1992. In the report peacebuilding is defined as to identify and support that contribute to overall to make efforts to consolidate peace and promote people’s sense of trust and happiness. This theory was first appeared in UN documents. With the increasing number of peace-building operations, the 60th session of the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council passed a resolution respectively on December 20,2005, they decided to establish Peace-building Commission, Peace-building Support Office and Peace-building Fund to help countries in conflict and achieving peace lasting forever in regions, particularly in Africa. The United Nations Summit on the "outcome document" agreed in principle to establish a Peace-building Commission before 31 December 2005 in September 2005. So far, the United Nations ends up with the establishment of an institutionalized manner specialized institutions to implement peace-building operations in accordance with developments in the peace-building theory. Peace-building experiences from theory to practice and the process also is a major breakthough of the United Nation’s peace-building operation.The Liberian national mainly was composed of African American blacks that sent back from America in the American Slaves Liberation Movement and native blacks. Back to West African American black settlers treated indigenous blacks more brutal than the European whites in Africa, and all these accumulated deep hatred in the indigenous blacks. Politically, the American blacks rule Liberia as long as one hundred years; economically, the American blacks settled the most prosperous coastal areas. The indigenous blacks’resistance to the ruling class led to the outbreak of the civil war. After the outbreak of civil war, the political spectrum in Liberia’s differentiation and reorganization makes war extremely complex. After overthrowing the rule of the original American blacks, Liberia fall in the political system of ethnic interests first and the government of Doyle become a money accumulation and authoritarian government. The following government Taylor also focused on the use of state power to seek personal gain, all this lead the country’s economic stagnation and polarization. Because of the spillover effect of the complicated domestic situation that the borders countries with Liberia are under the influence of the civil strife, all these countries exist different degrees of intervention. Judging from the history and the reality of the long civil war, Liberia’s constructions peacefully was damaged by this situation, and it also doomed that the UN’s peaceful building operations in Liberia faces many challenges.The UN security council resolution passed the NO.1509(2003) resolution. In on September 19,2003, which authorized to establish the United Nations Mission in Liberia, whose mission is to deal with the domestic peace construction matters in Liberia. The UNM in Liberia’s main task is to promote national reconciliation in Liberia, strengthen the rule of law, support security sector reform, focus on the question of youth education, improve the status of women, etc. After the UNM entered in Liberia, Liberia democratically elected the first female President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf. In the 2011 elections Sirleaf won a second term, because of her contribution to the Liberian peace building she was awarded the Nobel peace prize in the same year. Although the recent survey showed that women’s leadership has lost the attention to the local people’s demand, the elite women with a good education had widen the gap between the rural women with no education. But there is no denying that the Liberian peace building operations and has achieved good results. And the country’s experience in peace building operations has become a model in the safety for the whole parts of Africa.Peace-building theory emphasizes the responsibility to protect and pay attention to the safety of the people, this new development infuses new power for peace building after conflict among countries. Liberia’s peace building needs participation of the United Nations, the economic community of west African states, NGOs and other main subjects, only in this way peace can be sustainable, Africa can achieve revival. |
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