| In the last decade of the 20 th century, far-right parties, as an important political force in European politics, suddenly emerged, where the French Front National(FN) is one of the more successful models. The FN was founded by Jean – Marie Le Pen in 1972, and after a decade of obscurity, began in the mid-1980 s to board the French political scene. Followed by a rapid rise and with good electoral performance, the FN ranks the third-largest political party in French, and had an important impact on the political and social development.Among the other far-right parties, the FN has a more mature theoretical program and a more integral organizational structure, it also has a distinct characteristic in terms of ideology, including extreme nationalist, right-wing populism, the new racism and xenophobia. In terms of concrete policy claims, the FN holds up the banner of "French People – the First", "France – the First" and "The Voice of People", firmly oppose the immigrants, globalization and European integration; it is also against the mainstream political parties and the existing political system. The rapid development of the FN is not an isolated accident, but it occurred in a complex variety of factors and interaction of economic, political, social, and cultural current. It is closely linked to both, the domestic and international environment of France, and keep the same path with "the whole rightist " process in Europe. With the rapid development, the FN brought a pivotal influence to French political and social sphere, and especially, the political landscape of France underwent changing processes. On the one hand, the rise of the FN broke the balance of the traditional left-right parties on political opposition pattern in France, and formed the new three pillar patterns of: left, right and extreme right. On the other hand, the rise of the FN forced the traditional left-right parties and the government to pay attention and adopt policy in favor of it, and integrate it into the French Policy-Making. Therefore, the research on the development of the FN is not only helpful in understanding the political and social environment in France at the present moment,but also is helpful in researching and forecasting French political landscape by analyzing its impact on the mainstream political parties. Especially, the development of far-right parties in the international political arena has an major theoretical and practical significance.This paper is divided into four chapters:The first chapter defines the related concepts of the far-right parties, then examines its theoretical basis and ideological characteristics, which are Ultra-Nationalist, Right-Wing Populism, New Racism and Xenophobia. It also analyzes the political and social background of the origin and the rise of far-right parties in Western Europe since 1980.The second part is a general introduction of the FN, mainly elaborates the ideological concept of the FN as the core idea of "three anti-". Besides, it describes the FN’s essence, emphasizing its characteristic from central to local organizational structure, which is different from other political parties.The third chapter of the research describes first of all the origin and development of the FN, taking as example its votes in elections at all levels. Then, obiectively and subjectively, characterizes the reasons of so fast development of FN from the perspective of Economic globalization, European integration and the complex political and social context of French Domestic Affrais. Thus we can get a deeper understanding of the political and social environment in France and the development of the FN in general.The fourth part is focusing on the impact of the rapid development of the FN in France, as well as within the international community, forecasting its future evolution. The present paper points out that the FN will keep developing a long period of time, even there is the possibility of further breakthroughs, although the FN will not become a dominant force in French politics. |
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