The Research Of The Relations Between Egypt And Sudan Under Mubarak

Egypt and Sudan both enjoy the water of Nile, The Nile flows intoEgypt through the territory of Sudan, which is not only the “lifeline”for the two countries, but also the connected bond of friendshipbetween the two. The two states have been very close since ancienttimes; however, the relations between the two countries experiencedinflexions in modern times.The relations between Sudan and Egypt has been ratherconvoluted since Sudan gained independence in1956, the relationsbetween the two have experienced the five stages of honeymoonperiod (1956--1985), the cooling period (1985-1989), the deteriorationperiod (1989--1997), the adjustment period (1997—2001) and thecomprehensive period (2001—2010). The paper can be divided intothe following parts. The introduction part mainly introduces thepurpose and significance of selecting this topic; the first part makes abrief review for the bilateral relations range from the failure of theuprising against British led by Mahdi to the era of Sadat. Both of them suffer the ravages of the British colonists, and the two peoplesshoulder arduous task against colonialism. the Arab Republic ofEgypt was established after the “July Revolution” in1952, thesuccess of "July revolution" exerted great impact on theindependence of Sudan, Sudan became an independent politicalentity in1956; in the era of Nasser and Sadat, the two states keptclose contact due to both of them pursue the similar ideology--Arabsocialism, and signed a series of agreements. The bilateral relationsstepped into honeymoon period under Nimeiri.The second part analyzed the convoluted development process ofthe bilateral relations under Mubarak. The bilateral relations keptgoing well in the early years of Mubarak. However, the bilateralrelations tend to deteriorate after Nimeiri government collapsedbecause of the differences in religion and ideology. The bilateralrelations further deteriorated owe to that primer Mahdi abolished thesigned agreements with Egypt. In1989Bashir came to power bylaunching a coup, under the influence of Khomeini doctrine, Sudantried to export the Islamic revolution under the influence of Khomeinidoctrine. In1993, the border issue of Hala’ib renewed, triggeringarmed conflict, together with President Mubarak was almostassassinated by Sudan terrorists on his way to attend OAU meeting in1995, which directly made the bilateral relations fall to the frozen point. In1998the relations between the two began to thaw, PresidentMubarak help Bashir secure its dominance in Sudan, Turabi was ruledout of the political core of Sudan. From then on, the diplomaticrelations back to normal. In order to achieve the comprehensivepeace of Sudan and the long-term development of bilateral relations,President Mubarak actively crossing among the Middle East andNorth African countries, which created a favorable internationalenvironment for the achievement of comprehensive peace of Sudan.Under the efforts of all parties,“comprehensive peace agreement”was signed by Vice President Osman Taha and John Garang theleader of SPLM in January2005, thus achieving the second domesticpeace. However, the Darfur conflict broke out in2003caused a hugehumanitarian disaster. In order to find a peaceful solution to settle theconflict, the Egypt and other neighbor countries was involved oneafter another. Under efforts of all sides, the "Darfur Peace Agreement"was signed between Khartoum central government and the SLM inJuly,2011. Darfur issue was solved peacefully, and the relationsbetween the two countries took on a new look after Nimeiri.The third part mainly talks about the relations of post-Mubarakbetween the two countries, President Mubarak resigned in January2011, and Egypt entered the age of post-Mubarak. Besides, theGOSS was separated from the north in July2011, the Sudan kept close to the Arab-Islamic world, and the program of "Sudan, Libya andEgypt complex" was started at one time. Sudan paid more attention todeveloping diplomatic relations with Egypt. A number of negotiationswere held between the transitional government of Egypt and theGOSS around the allocation of Nile waters, and certain results werereached, the cooperation in the fields including industry, oil and gas,agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries and medicine were achieved.The conclusion made a comprehensive summary about the article,stressing to analysis the whole process and the main influentialfactors of the relations between the two countries. Both of countrieswere closely linked by the Nile, in the long run, a special relation willbe kept between the two countries, which is consistent with thechoice of mutual benefits and win-win goal.