Comparative Study Of China And South Korea Autonomy Local Governments

In the modern administration, autonomy that is demanded to change the roles and functions of local government under localization and globalization is constantly proceeding to enhance national competitiveness. This change of autonomy is caused by the expanding role of local government, the demand of mobilizing autonomy paradigm, the growth of civil society, and administrative enviroment change such as complexity of administration and policy decision.China and South Korea have similar culture, tradition and history and have been governed based on Confucian culture.The role of local government in China has been developing according to chinese special reality with its economic development since chinese reform in 1978. The delegation from government to local government in China has been progressing in order to improve economic efficiency in the capitalized process of its reform called introduction of chinese socialist economy. On the contrary, the role of local government in South Korea has been gradually developing on the basis of following western countries’ experience over the last half a century. The delegation from government to local government in South Korea has been progressing as a result of the requirement of democratization to implement political autonomy for organization of local assemblies and election of local government heads. In other words, decentralization in China has derived from economic efficiency, whereas in South Korea it has derived from political democratization. The contents of autonomy are very different because two countries have very different characteristics in backgrounds and features of autonomy.Autonomy in a relationship between the central government and local government can be defined as local government that has capabilities to set policy enforcement by itself without receiving the consent of the central governmen and independent of the control of the central government.But if the local governments can have autonomy stating ahead, they must also have a financial ability to support their policies without intervention of the central government.This means that even though local government has a right to make independent policy decisions, they will be difficult to implement if they do not have financial ability. On the other hand, even if local government has financial ability to execute its policy decisions, it will be difficult to implement it if they do not have an independent right of human resources management and its laws and business measures.The ways of thinking and life in medern people are more complex and society has become more separate in many sectors according to the industry, machinary, function, ages and sex etc. And the diversity and mobilty of society is getting larger these days. According to corresponding with this social change, the relationship between central government and local government has to be changed as being more sensitive and prompt.The autonomy and local development should not be designed by central government that have a total right to decide all policy, but by the win-win cooperation between the central and local governments.