Comparative Study On Emergency Disposal Between China And Japan

Entering the new century, successive social emergencies, all kinds of crisis after another. Abroad: "9.11" incident, the Indian Ocean tsunami, the earthquake in Japan and so on; domestic speaking, from the 2003 "SARS" epidemic outbreaks in 2006, 2008 Southern freezing disaster, to the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake, etc. These followed the incident seriously damaged the normal functioning of social function, not only a huge loss to the national economies of developing countries and undermine the hard-won achievements in poverty reduction. And with the rapid development of economic globalization, the impact of various national stability, uncertain public safety, environmental safety and social order, increasing instability, higher frequency emergencies occur, the greater the degree of harm, the impact The broader. This strengthening of disaster emergency management, improve national emergency disaster response capacity of a higher demand. How to improve disaster emergency management, economic and social development to adapt to the new, and meet the real needs of the people, by all participating countries, the process of government at all levels of governance is an urgent task.Japan is a country of natural disasters, it is the "hardest-hit country," the earthquake, the world’s more than six earthquakes have occurred in the other twenty percent of the natural disaster in Japan, typhoons, landslides, floods, and tsunamis are also hard to detect. "Worst-hit country" Japan, from seismic disaster prevention awareness and building national daily starting to respond to disasters, disaster prevention and mitigation achieved the desired effect, become the world to learn and follow the object, of the urgent need to establish and improve disaster Our management system, the Japanese experience is has a rare reference.Therefore, the comparator and Japanese emergency handling of this paper will be an opportunity, in a comparative basis, to tease out the Japanese experience to our enlightenment, text is divided into five chapters.The first chapter of emergency and emergency definition, classification emergencies, features, and emergency response system for principled understanding and so on. On emergencies and define the concept of emergency, it still some ambiguity, by analysis of different definitions of introduction, I quite agree that our theoretical research system in the definition of these concepts. Define the concept of ambiguity also lead to "a matter of opinion" on the emergency classification, therefore, on the classification of incidents is concerned, according to different causes and perspectives will have different opinions on behalf of, but, overall, or For a more complete understanding of the various systems and emergency services. Despite the different forms of emergencies, but really similar characteristics. Emergency measures as a generic term for emergencies, but also has a significant feature that the unconventional handling and disposal of non-linear.The second Chapter introduces the system of emergency disposal. This chapter is divided into four sections, the structure can be summarized as "a case of three system." Specifically, the "case" refers to the central emergency management and local plans, contingency plans for a disposal scheme in times of crisis to develop contingency plans to respond to emergencies is the foundation, is the emergency management system the first priority, therefore, necessary to formulate contingency plans of scientific and standardized, and should be around for emergencies nature, type, and the actual situation. "Three Systems" including emergency management system, mechanisms and the rule of law. "Case" is the foundation; "system" is the main constituent elements, played a central command role in emergencies; "mechanism" is the basic structure of the emergency response system; the "rule of law" is a "system" and "mechanism" the foundation and the end is to ensure that the essence of emergency management work to be undertaken. Only the "case three" system combine to achieve maximum effectiveness, reduce damage rate emergencies.To set up the system in terms of Japan and China to set similar emergency system to be specifically summarized as "three" system, that system of emergency management, mechanisms and legal system. The difference is that on specific response plans, the Japanese generally known as "response plans", each level of government have developed a corresponding program, start different governments for different emergencies, different departments and different responses program, in order to protect the efficient operation of emergency work. Although the same settings the system, but in the specific application of emergency management, you can find complete and practical Japan’s emergency response system and provide a theoretical basis for comparison between China and Japan emergency management system is.The fourth chapter comparative and Japanese emergency management system. The author focuses on the cultural, legal concepts and national awareness of disaster history between the two countries in three areas to specific comparison between China and Japan in the emergency command center system, the differences of national disaster emergency legal and other aspects of consciousness, especially in China and Japan Emergency comparison of central command system, the author dealt with this "SARS" event for example, analysis of China and Japan in the emergency disposal of coping with differences in particular, and the main reason for this discrepancy analysis to our country Construction complete emergency central command system to provide technical support and practical significance.The fifth chapter for the Japanese emergency management experience to China and its Enlightenment. On the basis of the first three chapters and chapter describes the specific system in China and Japan experienced emergency comparative analysis, summarized the enlightenment of Japanese experience of our emergency response emergency system. The Japanese experience, although simple to follow and the transplant can be problematic "local adaptation," but, on the applicability of specific experience, but it is reasonable.Because, in our case, the study of emergency management is still in its infancy stage, there is a big gap compared with Japan, through a comparative study and treat emergency handling management approach and management of it can analyze the specific problems of our government, in our country and the policy of considering the situation, improve the existing deficiencies at, and explore the establishment of China’s national conditions, and effective emergency management system as soon as possible.