Research On The Problem And The Enlightenment Of Political Participation In China

Governance as a citizen participation in state and social affairs management, communication and political will, realize the important means of citizen’s political rights, is the important content of democratic politics, is the measure of a country an important symbol of political development, has an irreplaceable role.Traditionally, our country’s social structure has the characteristics of strong government weak social, political participation has been in the past as a ruling party to effectively control the society and the means of attracting talent, the participation could be called the ruling party under the leadership of the integrative type of political participation. But with the change of party’s ruling concept at home and abroad and all kinds of pressure increases, more democratic, become a consensus in the orderly political participation. Since the reform and opening up, China has established a relatively complete kinds of political participation system, generally can be divided into traditional participation channels and ancillary participation channel. Traditional with the people’s congress system, local autonomy system and political party and community consultation system, etc.; Auxiliary type has a complaint reporting system, hearing system, the network politics system, etc.Above problems in the field of political participation such as problem of petitions and low effectiveness of network public opinion, happens in some ancillary system, sparking the extensive discussions of the society, under the help of public opinion, and the handling of complaint reporting network in politics and other ancillary participation effect has been expanding, amplification, a "dispute rights petitioners, online scold" to express the inertial thinking. But the channels of political participation is the question of traditional system of "failure" and lack of related laws, lead to the demand of the citizen’s political participation is concentrated to the participating in type auxiliary channel of lower cost, some channels overload condition. So to solve problems in the current political participation, the core is to hinder the traditional participation channels of various negative factors, respect and draw on the experience of the nature of democracy development.Tocqueville’s great political thinker in the 19th century, it represents "democracy in America" description and analysis of the operation of the democratic politics in the United States, to analyze the law of democratic development. Study of American democracy, because in the eyes of Tocqueville, is close to the limit of the development of democracy in the United States, among them, the role of political participation in the history of American democracy. Tocqueville’s study motive is to want to be able to experience to guide the French political reform in the United States, so in the study of its natural politically transplantation and draw lessons from the thought of, to our country that lack of national strong democratic tradition and history. This paper in the context of "democracy in America", to DE Tocqueville discourse on American political participation was summarized and finishing, and according to the origin of the American political participation, methods, security, summarizes "vitality" and so on four aspects, in order to form a system of his theory of political participation, control problems in the reality of the political participation in our country, and the similarities and differences between China and the United States on the development of political participation, to think about the political participation theory what enlightenment to our country.This paper consists of five parts:First chapter is introduction, introduced the paper selected topic background, purpose and research significance, the research on political participation abroad evolution process and current status of the domestic research, this article research idea, method, and the definition of related concepts.The second chapter expounds Tocqueville of American political participation in the political participation theory origin and participate in the way. First of all, the origins of political participation, Anglo-American social integration to autonomy formation process of founding of the republic of itself is a period of the history of political participation; In the era of democracy, political participation is required to avoid the spread of individualism, to avoid the occurrence of despotism. Second, the way Americans political participation. The villages and towns autonomy life is the starting point of every American to learn political participation; Civil association is an American study individual joint school; Citizen election is a citizen of the United States advanced forms of political participation and interests expression.The third chapter analysis Tolstoy of political participation in the political participation theory "security" and "dynamic" factors. First of all, "guarantee" factor of political participation. Principles of popular sovereignty by all levels of the constitution established the legal basis of political participation; The expansion of the Puritan ethics and discipline constraint lusts and encouraging citizens to care about and participate in public affairs; Americans advocate for freedom and love make form a participated political culture. Second, the United States "vigor" factor of political participation. Through to the adult political education could improve the ability of the U.S. citizen’s political participation; A variety of culture and the traditional elements of American society and become the political mood of cultivating the consciousness of citizen’s political participation.The fourth chapter system is discussed and analyzed the development course of China’s political participation and the existing problems and the reasons. First of all, the development of the political participation of twists and turns in our country, after the fifth plenary session of the fifteenth was rapid and healthy development of The Times. Second, political participation at present in our country is mainly political participation between regions, between classes, imbalance between urban and rural; And political participation, the lack of subject consciousness and ability and institutionalized participation channels is not clear. Finally, appear all sorts of political participation in our country is the root cause of imbalance of economic development; Legal and institutional defects caused by the disorder; And as the representative system of political participation channels of core and grass-roots autonomy system shortcomings.The fifth chapter combines Tolstoy political participation theory enlightenment on the development of political participation in our country. First of all, the analysis of the various aspects of political participation of China and the United States. In China and the United States to participate in, requirements, and the significance of the subject is very close to; In the legalization of political participation level, institutional level, there is a big difference and influencing factors. Second, Tolstoy specific Revelations of the political participation theory to our country. Main reference to the development of democracy and political participation of some general practices, including perfecting legal laws; Improve the consciousness and ability of participation main body; Dredge and improve core institutional channels of political participation.