Study On The Official Management System In Song Dynasty

Upright officials, is the ancient Chinese officials for the party in power and the pursuit of the highest standards of its office or advised class Nongsang, water conservancy, remove evils, curb tyrannical, that the people live in plenty; or litigation justice, make people convinced, give full play to the functions of the magistrate. On moral cultivation, upright officials Xiaoyi and taste, impartial and incorruptible, Kansas is the moral model; in local governance, education Xun Lixing, people does not dispute; advise production, make the people rich, can be described as outstanding achievements, often in office blessed, to post have memory.However, non official naturally raised, the achievement has individual talent power, because the power of management training. "Ming attending official does not treat people." only the official governance well, which can make it better in governing the people. Officials of the central government is located in the foot of the emperor, governance, local officials are located outside the vision field of the emperor, governance more carefully. From Han to Tang Dynasty, the local officials training management system more detailed and complete, Song Dynasty temporization of Tang Dynasty and development, from the official selection to the performance appraisal to strict laws to control all aspects of its management. Therefore only Song first comprehensive discuss the measures for the administration of the upright officials in the Song Dynasty, namely "the world Taizu and mushou order book, bow summoned, ask on politics, and then sent, Jane choose fine Yi. The provincial police gaugrafen gaugrafen, police magistrate, each in its most when the temple.’The Song Dynasty official in its management system is inseparable. First, in the officials selection selection, inheritance of the Sui and Tang Dynasties of Song Dynasty imperial examination system and the development to the peak, the justice of the essence of the civil service selection criteria and procedures, and, even if future generations are also difficult to achieve, in the selection of the appropriate officials in sending its arrived at the local office also have special procedures. Therefore in the Song Dynasty although have hereditary officials or to other non imperial official appointment of officials, but by his tenure in the strict examination and selection of the possession of the serving officer PFP Road, which makes not only still can only be eliminated. Moreover, the emperor of Song Dynasty are often personally appointed by local officials, even to a class of county officials personally intervene. Essentials should be paid attention to in the more important local officials arrived before often also personally summoned, asking them for political, or to inform policy; secondly, in official merit, the Song Dynasty according to officials of the identity of different set up different special institutions of merit, occasionally sent someone to go to the local field trips governance to prevent omissions, in the content of the merit system, from the original only in accordance with the working time based capital approach to later "four good four crimes" strict law enforcement, in the standard of the merit system is gradually complete. In the performance of official writing, the Song Dynasty adopted by the central imperial inspector jiansi, the brightest jiansi to chief inspector counties, again by counties to inspector magistrate top-down methods of supervision, to officer to calendar paper, check test batch of books to prevent fraud; in the prevention of corrupt officials, the Song Dynasty developed strict laws, in punishment also compared with other crimes more stringent, even in the face of amnesty for all does not apply to corrupt crime, equal to the wicked crime and parallel view.By fine pick carefully selected official selection system, can guarantee the selection of officials have both ability and political integrity in the source; through strict examination system, can urge its dedicated, conscientious; through strict corrupt governance method, officials are law-abiding, dare not deviate step, this is the essence of the management of the Song Dynasty official.