Study On The Concept Of Chinese Sovereignty In The Fifties And Sixties Of The 20th Century Sino-Soviet Relations

Since the founding of People’s Republic of China, in the process of China’s interaction with the international environment, China’s concept of national sovereignty has undergone subtle changes. And, China’s interactions with Soviet, which was the largest socialist state, have an important impact on China’s foreign policy, naturally has a significant impact the concept of national sovereignty in foreign policy. China’s foreign policy principles changes from proletarian internationalism to non-interference closely linked with the diplomatic interaction between Sino-Soviet. According to Sino-Soviet Alliance’s formation and rupture, objectively and comprehensively understand the concept of Chinese sovereignty which occurred in Sino-Soviet relations in the process of change, it has the inner necessity to understand adhere to the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs under today’s neo-interventionism theory which emphasize the respect to human rights and "the responsibility to protect" theory which emphasize the international intervention background. Explore China in the implementation of international responsibility and respect for sovereignty reasons for cautious on the issue, it has greatest significance to make sensible flexible, and achieve the balance between the adherence on non-interference principles and actively undertake international responsibilities.This article from the identity recognition perspective of China’s interactions with the Soviet Union at different times, think identity in the Sino-Soviet interactive evolution, determines the change of China’s national interest and national behavior, affecting China’s foreign policy, and the change of the foreign policy reflects the change of the idea about China’s sovereignty. After the founding of new China, China’s need for security interests of safeguarding national sovereignty, and under the influence of Communist ideology, China made the Soviet one-sided decision, after Sino-Soviet allies identities established, the interest which ensure the safety of national sovereignty is also linked with the interests of the Soviet union, therefore during this period China’s foreign policy principle was the combination of proletarian internationalism and patriotism principle, and there is no clear understanding of respect for national sovereignty. But with the stable development of Sino-Soviet alliance, China’s economic development needs a stable environment to ensure the implementation of the national interests, in foreign policy China proposed five principles of peaceful coexistence, but the scope of application of this principle is not including the Soviet union and other socialist countries, against the Soviet union and other socialist countries still use proletarian internationalism principle to deal with the relationship between the countries, we can see this period China although initially formed the non-interference principle of respect for state sovereignty, but it is not the main ideas of China. Then, Sino-Soviet differences were expanding, and the national interest conflict were growing too, China gradually evolved into Soviet Union’s competitor, under the status, China viewed the Soviet Union as China’s "most dangerous enemy", made proletarian internationalism as highest foreign policy guidelines, and export revolution, to ensure the realization of China’s national sovereignty security interests. Although China realized the importance of respect for state sovereignty in the relationship with the Soviet union, but with respect for state sovereignty and sovereignty of non-interference concept finally established after the reform and opening up.The development of globalization increase the dependence between countries, China is becoming more and more important in the world, voices calling for China to undertake larger international responsibilities have become stronger, but due to Sino-Soviet relations historical experience and lessons, make China formed for adhering to the principle of national sovereign equality and non-interference strong identity, China attaches great importance to the existing norms of international law and international relations in developing countries sovereignty and the protection of development rights and interests, balance international obligations fulfillment and respect the principle of State sovereignty is a responsible performance of China. The profound experience and understanding of the importance of respecting sovereignty in China’s interactions with the Soviet Union, will always have an important impact on China’s foreign relations, adhere to the principle of respect for State sovereignty remains the cornerstone of China’s foreign policy cannot be moved.