The Sino-Soviet Relationship From Alliance And Mutual Assistance To Split And Hostility (1945-1960)

In February 1950, the People' Republic of China and the Soviet Union signed a treaty of friendship and alliance, two countries formally established the alliance. In July 1960, the Soviet Union unilaterally abolished the aid contract, the withdrawal of experts in China, indicating that the Sino-Soviet alliance of separatist essence. The formation and collapse of the Sino-Soviet alliance has its own unique logic as a significant historical event during the Cold War. But the Sino-Soviet relations have up and down and plagued with setbacks. Bilateral relations have gone through alliances, honeymoon, and split the differences and disputes stage, and so on. The development of Sino-Soviet relations, especially the split of the Sino-Soviet alliance relations have caused far-reaching impact to the two countries and the world situation, it is also a key research contents of academic. This article succeed to the predecessor's research results, use the reality and objective manner and historical research methods, through present the Sino-Soviet relations that the China and Soviet from alliance to split during this period, to find The Sino-Soviet alliance a source of division, and it has benefit to deal with the current Sino-Russian relations and to provide a useful reference with other countries for China.After World War II, the Sino-Soviet relation is complicated, which mixed with intense contest between the China,American and Soviet Union, and between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Parties. In this paper, the author analyze the background, process, evolution and splits of the Union's establishment from 1945 to 1960, and inspect important events which occurred between China and the Soviet Union in this period, analyze the process of the signing of the Treaty and the existing problems of itself from the start the Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1950, and elaborate reason why the treaty established and split. There are many reasons for the split of the Soviet Union alliance, the paper thinks that reason of the Sino-Soviet alliance's split lies in the difficulty of the signing of the alliance and hidden danger of itself, but the deep reason is the question which the Sino-Soviet Union itself exists, including the basic vulnerability of the Sino-Soviet Union's establishment, the main body's difference of the Union, and the Union's particularity.The Sino-Soviet Union's split has had the major impact on Sino-Soviet and even the world political development. It not only blocked the Soviet Union and China to explore the road of socialism, and eventually led China to withdraw from the Cold War arena, and changed the world pattern fundamentally. We can get two important enlightenments from the process of the Soviet Union alliance's breakup. First, we must correctly handle the relationship between the ideological and national interests. Second, we must properly handle inter-party relationship and state relationship. Although the Sino-Soviet alliance has already gone, we sum up the lessons of he Sino-Soviet alliance's split seriously, not only may help us to understand this history more clearly and comprehensively, it also has certain instruction function and the practical significance to Chinese diplomatic decision-making and the practice today.