The Social Democratic Reform Under The Liberty Field

During the 19th century, England as an industrialized society reached its peak, and soon went into the stage of monopoly capitalism. The element of individualism released by the traditional liberalism rushed into extremes, and got the trend of devour the society. Social Darwinism raging around the country, the value of "liberty" tend to dispel, and democracy became more and more empty, thus became the political instrument for the capitalist class who ruled the society. Liberalism became the bourgeois ideology rather than social philosophy. Under this ideology, the capital class exploit at the working class by the name of "liberty". And for the mass poverty caused by the exploitation, the capital class gave the meaning of moral corruption. The polarization between the rich and the poor constantly spark opposition from the working class, with the lack of communication mechanism between the political system and the social system, the country was on the brink of collapse.Under this macro background, the Fabian society which composed of young intellectuals emerged during the late 19th century, whose essential meaning is an reaction of liberalism to new social problems and new environment, thus liberalism and socialism began to mix together, which gave liberalism a more positive meaning, and socialism became a operational political practice from some kind of Utopian illusion. On the social practical dimension, Fabian society made people see the back of ideology by rebelling and exposing the ideology. By exposing the truth of poverty, the social protest got the certain reference, and the ruling class began to realize the problem of the society, thus the government started to step in the social problem, a more positive liberal idea was confirmed, thus the tradition of liberalism in England were set to continue. On political practice dimension, the Fabian society licked the working class into the shape of organization which take part in the political legally and orderly by arousing the subject consciousness of the working class, and made the working class to be included in the political field as a whole through the linkage between the working class and the capitalist class, thus the working became a influential force in the political field. On the basis of that, the situation of economic got reflect on the political field, the consensus on the reform got confirmed, and democracy became more diversity and inclusion. So, consider the period of transformation of England society as the background color, the aim of this paper is going to explore what politic and mental environment produce the knowledge group like Fabian society, and how this society achieved the changes of social concept and political institution by thinking and acting. Through arranging and analyzing the materials about the Fabian society, this paper spread the analysis about the social structure and class, then got the conclusion that it is the unique environment and the bottom color of concept in England that shaped the Fabian’s distinctive theory and political practice, which are the political rights and the freedom of association, an stable institutional machine and the unremitting pursuit of certain values. It is these factors and their coupling that makes the Fabian’s social democratic reform a successful political practice, which also gives the modernizing China a beneficial and useful frame of reference.