Research On U.S. Public Sports Service System

As the biggest sports power in the world, United States, the perfect public sportservice system laid a solid foundation for its vigorous development in sports. In manyyears of active practicing, U.S. government has been continuing to promotemarketization and socialization reform of its public sports service by pushing manygovernment’s function in public sports to the market and society, and graduallyforming an operating mechanism of public sports in which the government―steers‖while the market and society―paddles‖, and the U.S. finally established sophisticatedpublic sports service system including public sports facilities, public sportsorganizations, public sports service policies and regulations, as well as public sportsservice performance evaluation.Through the methods of the literature review, logic analysis and case analysis,this paper elaborates the various aspects of the American public sports service systemwhich includes these following contents:1) the history of the American public sportsservice. It discusses the origin of the American public sports service and the UnitedStates’ all levels government’s function changes of public sports service in differentperiods.2) The connotation of American public sport service. It includes the concept,content and type of American public sports service, summing up the four significantcharacteristics of American public sport service which consists of its independence,diversification, informationization and humanization.3) Sports facilities, organization,operating mechanism, policies and regulations, and performance evaluationmechanism within American public sports service system. Through differentiating theprovision from production in public sports service and adopting the model ofpublic-private partnerships, such as the lease contract, franchising, the voucher system,and the user payment, forming a kind of public sports fitness layout which is based onthe leisure sport park, large and community sports as well as school sports facilities,United States government considerately satisfied the residents’ needs for public sports.In terms of U.S. public sports service organization, the large number of high-quality non-profit sports organizations has become the essential power in the teams ofsupplying of public sports service. In addition, in American sports long-termdevelopment planning, the wide coverage of sports policies and regulations, detailedrelevant information, the scientific and reasonable public fitness guide manual wereprovided by the government and social public, and these planning especially havebeen focusing on protecting children, women, the elderly, the disabled and othervulnerable groups. In public sports service performance evaluation, the U.S. Centersfor Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), belonging to the U.S. department ofhealth and human services, using the scientific performance assessment tools to buildthe reasonable performance evaluation index system which attached great importanceto the citizen participation and the actual assessment results, set up an evaluatefeedback mechanism in a timely and effective manner.4) The analysis of Americanpublic sport service practice. Taking―United States President’s Council on Fitness,Sports&Nutrition‖as an example, we analyzed the department’s status, tasks, andthe obligations in its overall process of supplying public sport service in the UnitedStates.5) The enlightenment to China’s public sports service system construction.Such as: vigorously developing of natural resources, deepening the reform of thepublic sports service socialization and marketization, scientifically improving themechanism of performance evaluation of and perfect the public sports services, thecitizen participation in public sports service, etc.The innovation of this paper lies in author’s using the precious opportunity whichprovided me with half a year living in the United States, so that I could read and sortout a lot of documents and materials about American public sports service, and got thelatest and timely information through translation about the related content of Englishwebsite. Exploring the theory and practice of American public sports service system canprovide related reform experience and enlightenment for Chinese public sports service.