Research On The Scientific, Engineering And Agricultural Institutes In Universities During The Republic Of China

In the period of the Republic of China, although the university research institutes of science, engineering and agriculture started with the environment which was very strong in traditional Sinology studies and very weak in modern scientific and technological research, they developed quickly and productively. Their establishment and development generally experience several phases such as germination, growth, tortuous development and redevelopment, during which some characteristics present:the quantity of institutes and departments grows steadily, the geographical distribution and varying structure form based on the impact of economic development and changing situation, private university research institutes become an important part of the university research institutes, etc. The historical causes of their development exist in three aspects, that is, The trend of the political and economic development the influence of then western universities, the need of then academic development and the organization and guidance of advanced intellectuals. The organizational operation of university research institutes renews continuously with the evolution of research institutes. Its operation not only presents the pattern of unification of dean-in-charge and democratic decision-making generally, but also persists in and penetrates the management philosophy of "democratic decision-making" and "professor-managing". During the development of research institutes, university administrators try to guarantee the financial resources from several aspects such as the investment of governmental educational funding, public donations, tuition income and the funding of related foundations; meanwhile, the administrators attach importance to the construction of research teams and infrastructure, ensure the instruments of the libraries and make sure the course construction can satisfy the needs of students’learning. During the period of the Republic of China, the university research institutes of science, engineering and agriculture make great achievements in the field of scientific study, and to combine scientific study with production practice and social demands, to serve the society with science and technology service directly become the key features. Meanwhile, the university research institutes of science, engineering and agriculture make outstanding achievements in the field of graduates training. As they make graduates enter the process of scientific study directly in the graduates training, they can not only educate the students with research literacy and ability from practice, but also shape the students with the paradigm of good university education, thus making the graduates become the quality-perfecting and ability-outstanding researchers. During the period of the Republic of China, the university research institutes of science, engineering and agriculture make remarkable achievements in the field of technology development and promotion. The vital status and influence of their scientific education mainly present as follows:they are the significant scientific study bases, the important components of higher education organizations and the major platforms of scientific talents cultivation. Their influence of scientific education can be embodied as follows:they not only perfect the university functions, but also accelerate the progress of academic independence; meanwhile, they raise the transformation of university academic research and academic communication mode. The establishment and development of the university research institutes of science, engineering and agriculture in the period of the Republic of China provide us with important historical experience and enlightenment. They mainly cover the following aspects:stable social environment is the precondition of the development of university research institutes; the balanced development of quality and quantity should be stressed on; the scientific systems of government and university should cooperate; university researching and teaching should integrate closely; the research institutes of private universities should be developed rapidly; the self-development of research institutes should be achieved in serving the society.