Research On England Universities In The 12-13 Century

Born in the 12th and 13th centuries in England, Oxford and Cambridge University have an irreplaceable position in the development of university around the world, and brought great and lasting influences. So, this article intends to select Oxford and Cambridge universities, the most representative in the history of the development of England universities, as the examples to do academic analysis.Firstly, the introduction summarizes the research of the domestic and foreign scholars on this subject, and describes the significance and objective of this subject.Secondly, Main body is from chapter one to chapter four. Chapter one introduces the economic, religious and cultural background of England universities. The Great Reclamation, the origin of cities, the support of ecclesia, renaissance in 12th century and the dissemination of knowledge as the carrier of intellectuals all provided development environment for the survival, establishing a foundation for the origin and development of Oxford and Cambridge Universities in England. Chapter two mainly analyses the development of universities in terms of the structure and functions. In Oxford and Cambridge, colleges dominated the development of universities and have the function of educating and fostering talents. College developed from a place gathering teachers and students to an independent and self-management entity, eventually becoming the most distinctive and continuation college system in universities like Oxford and Cambridge University. Chapter three describes the relationship among college, church and citizen. Oxford and Cambridge Universities, as the first class university in the world, were in weak qualification when arisen. The freedom of academic went through washing and temper for hundreds of years. By improving itself and adapting various social relations in different periods, balancing the interest relationship among three sides, meanwhile, keep trying constantly for obtaining formal autonomy, finally have become a distinctive organization. Chapter four discusses the development of England universities in the late Middle Ages. After 13th century, training mode combined the college system and tutorial system ensures the elite training model in Oxford and Cambridge Universities. Their educational models and philosophy, and the innovation constantly adopted the development of society all have accumulated rich experience being worth thinking and referencing for modern higher education.Thirdly, the last part points out the historical position and affects of England universities.